A Comprehensive Survey on Different Routing Protocols and Challenges in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Abstract

AbstractUnderwater acoustic sensor networks are the most interesting and emerging technology in recent research. All are small-sized sensors with less memory space are deployed underwater to collect and transmit data from sender to sink node. Sensors consist of memory, CPU for storage process, and antennas to detect the signals. Underwater sensor networks are quite different from terrestrial networks because UASN isextremely working under low frequency but the terrestrial networks are working in high frequency. However, acoustic communication has many limitations such as poor data transmission, long end-to-end delay, limited bandwidth, and other parameters. These limitations lead to poor network lifetime and high power consumption. Nowadays, most researchers are mainly focused to design and implement an effective routing protocol to improve long network lifetime with energy consumption. This survey discussed various routing protocols and their behavior in underwater acoustic sensor networks. Finally, we compare the analytical performance metric tabulation of the different routing protocols. It is very useful for UASN researchers in the future to explore better research.KeywordsUnderwater acoustic sensor networkSensor nodesRouting protocolCharacteristicsLimitations