Abstract

Background: The nephroprotective effects of herbal extracts have increasingly gained attention due to the rise in kidney diseases and the limitations of conventional treatments. This study explores the renal protective properties of a polyherbal extract formulation composed of Ziziphus spina-christi, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Nigella sativa (ZTN) in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Three groups of adult male and female Wistar albino rats consisting of the control group that received only water, another group was administered with 100 mg/kg of the polyherbal (ZTN herbal) formulation, while the last group was administered with 250 mg/kg of the ZTN polyherbal extract formulation. The treatments administered for 14 days and thereafter Kidney weight, uric acid, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were assessed to assess renal function. Histological analysis was conducted for tissue integrity evaluation. Result: The polyherbal extract formulation of ZTN induced a dose-dependent increase in kidney weight in both male and female rats. Uric acid levels decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, with the most substantial reduction at 250 mg/kg. BUN levels also showed a notable decrease, particularly at the higher dose, indicating enhanced renal function. Creatinine levels exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction, with female rats showing higher baseline levels but greater overall reductions. Histological analysis revealed mild histological changes at 100 mg/mL and severe changes at 250 mg/mL. Histological changes include glomerular hypertrophy and tubular necrosis, more pronounced at higher doses. The polyherbal extract formulation of ZTN demonstrated significant nephroprotective effects, reducing uric acid, BUN and creatinine levels in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, an observation of gender-based differences occur in female rats showing higher baseline levels but greater reductions with treatment. These findings support the potential therapeutic use of polyherbal extracts in managing renal health, emphasizing the importance of dose regulation to avoid adverse effects.

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