Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the wearable healthcare monitoring systems proposed by the researchers to date. One of the earliest wearable recorders, named “a silicon locket for ECG monitoring”, was developed at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, in 2003. Thus, the wearable health monitoring systems, started with the acquisition of a single signal/ parameter to the present generation smart and affordable multi-parameter recording/monitoring systems, have evolved manifolds in these two decades. Wearable systems have dramatically changed in terms of size, cost, functionality, and accuracy. The early-day wearable recorders were with limited functionalities against today’s systems, e.g., Apple’s iWatch which comprises abundant health monitoring features like heart rate monitoring, breathing app, accelerometers, smart walking/ activity monitoring, and alerts. Most of the present-day smartphones are not only capable of recording various health features like body temperature, heart rate, photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal, calory consumption, smart activity monitoring, stress measurement, etc. through different apps, but they also help the user to get monitored by a family physician via GSM or even internet of things (IoT). One of the latest, state-of-the-art real-time personal health monitoring systems, Wearable IoT-cloud-based health monitoring system (WISE), is a beautiful amalgamation of body area sensor network (BASN) and IoT framework for ubiquitous health monitoring. The future of wearable health monitoring systems will be far beyond the IoT and BASN.
Highlights
Inexpensive wearable devices (WD) are available for health monitoring which are compact and light in weight
Wearable devices and smart wearables are convenient for monitoring various physiological parameters, and they help in a multitude of medical solutions
Effective power management is required in wearable devices as battery space is limited, and they are required to run for a long time
Summary
In this age of tough competition and stress, heart-related diseases and abnormalities are commonly being found in people even at an early age. Inexpensive WDs are available for health monitoring which are compact and light in weight They are capable of measuring physical parameters like body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), etc., for a very long time. One such useful device is a wearable ambulatory ECG recorder, commonly known as WECG or A-ECG recorder. They are capable of updating the doctor about the occurrence of any abnormal event to the wearer in addition to recording the ECG signals and related physiological parameters [6 - 14]. Metamaterial-based and soft, stretchable, and biocompatible sensors have been proposed, and they have shown promising results
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