Abstract
Ion exchange resins (IERs) are widely utilized for the removal of radioactive nuclides from various water sources in the nuclear power plants, including reactor coolant, spent fuel pools and process wastewaters, which would lead to the generation of a significant amount of spent ion exchange resins (SIERs). The safe disposal of SIERs is essential to minimize the long-term risk of radioactive nuclide leakage, since SIERs constitute a major source of low-level and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. The feasible and advanced treatment of SIERs should be based on harmlessness, minimization and permanent storage. The development of effective treatment technologies for SIERs has attracted considerable attention in the past few decades. The reviewed investigation mainly focused on different technologies for the treatment and disposal of SIERs based on the current available literature. The structure, characteristics and application principles of IERs were first introduced. Several common treatment technologies (immobilization techniques, high integrity container, hot super compression, dry and wet oxidation) were summarized. The volume reduction, nuclides volatilization, and waste management of SIERs treatment methods were emphasized. In the concluding section of this review, the main challenges were highlighted, and future research directions were addressed to guide how to enhance the efficiency of SIERs treatment. The work presented would contribute to the information and experience to build treatment methods and develop new technologies.
Published Version
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