Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery system was introduced to overcome the difficulties of drug delivery through oral route. Despite their relatively higher costs, transdermal delivery systems have proved advantageous for delivery of selected drugs, such as estrogens, testosterone, clonidine and nitro-glycerine. Transdermal delivery provides a leading edge over injectable and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. Skin is an effective medium from which absorption of the drug takes place and enters into systematic circulation over a period of time. The present article reviews the selection of drug candidates and polymers suitable to be formulated as transdermal system, advantages, disadvantages of formulation design and the methods of evaluation.
Highlights
Transdermal drug delivery system was first introduced more than 20 years ago
By the mid to late 1990s, the trend of Transdermal drug delivery system companies merging into larger organizations
Transdermal Drug Delivery System is the system in which the delivery of the active ingredients of the drug occurs by the means of skin
Summary
Transdermal drug delivery system was first introduced more than 20 years ago. The technology generated tremendous excitement and interest amongst major pharmaceutical companies in the 1980s and 90s. By the mid to late 1990s, the trend of Transdermal drug delivery system companies merging into larger organizations Such dosage forms have been developed and/or modified in order to enhance the driving force of drug diffusion (thermodynamic activity) and/or increase the permeability of the skin. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), known as “Transdermal patches” or “Skin patches” are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient‟s skin and in the bloodstream. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), known as “patches,” are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patient‟s skin. [2] Transdermal drug delivery system [TDDS] is a new approach to provide prolonged action of the drug with low toxicity and better patient compliance and reduces the side effect caused by oral route. 2) Higher cost. 3) Should not use ionic drug. 4) May cause allergic reactions. 5) A molecular weight less than 500 Da is essential. 6) Sufficient aqueous and lipid solubility, a log P (octanol/water) between 1 and 3 is required for permeate to transverse SC and underlying aqueous layers. 7) Transdermal therapy is feasible for certain potent drugs only. 8) Transdermal therapy is not feasible for ionic drugs. 9) It cannot deliver drug in pulsatile fashion. 10)Only relatively potent drugs are suitable candidates for transdermal delivery because of the natural limits of drug entry imposed by the skin‟s impermeability
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