Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a vital resource for providing clean future energy with a sustainable environment. Besides lignocellulosic residues, nonlignocellulosic residues such as sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes are gained much attention due to its large quantities and ability to produce cheap and clean energy to potentially replace fossil fuels. These cheap and abundantly resources can reduce global warming owing to their less polluting nature. The low-quality biomass and high ash content of sewage sludge-based thermal conversion processes face several disadvantages towards its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize these residues in combination with coal for improvement in energy conversion processes. As per author information, no concrete study is available to discuss the synergy and decomposition mechanism of residues blending. The objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. This paper will also contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Furthermore, the influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends.
Highlights
Fossil fuels have been extensively used for the last two centuries to meet the energy demand of the growing population for global development [1,2,3]. e increase in the environmental and sustainability summons due to the greenhouse emissions that are related to fossil fuel usage and the unceremonious distribution of fossil fuel resources has increased the global energy [4, 5]
Sewage sludge contains a relatively higher nitrogen content than lignocellulosic biomass [96]. is comes from the protein fragments of samples and can favor its usage in fertilizer [97]. e proximate analysis reveals that the sewage sludge has a high ash content than lignocellulosic biomass, and this study shows that ash removal system should be installed with reactor while using this type of material. e ash obtained as a result of sewage sludge pyrolysis contains minerals such as quartz and calcite. e elemental analysis gives information regarding the mineral composition in terms of Fe, Ca, Mg, and K which helps catalyze the pyrolysis reaction
Akhtar and Amin reviewed that oil yield obtained by the copyrolysis process of biomass, sewage sludge, and coal is affected by many parameters including the type of biomass, temperature, heating rate, reaction time, and particle size of feed. 45 wt.% of the oil can be obtained by subjecting the biomass blend at the typical temperature range of 400–600°C, and the optimum temperature at which the maximum oil is obtained depends upon the type and characteristics of blends [104]
Summary
A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. E objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/ biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. Is paper will contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/ sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Is study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends The influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. is study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends
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