Abstract
The energy management strategy (EMS) and control algorithm of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) directly determine its energy efficiency, control effect, and system reliability. For a certain configuration of an HEV powertrain, the challenge is to develop an efficient EMS and an appropriate control algorithm to satisfy a variety of development objectives while not reducing vehicle performance. In this research, a comprehensive, multi-level classification for HEVs is introduced in detail from the aspects of the degree of hybridization (DoH), the position of the motor, the components and configurations of the powertrain, and whether or not the HEV is charged by external power. The principle and research status of EMSs for each type of HEV are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the EMSs and control algorithms of HEVs are compared and analyzed from the perspectives of characteristics, applications, real-time abilities, and historical development. Finally, some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the energy management systems of HEVs are presented. This review is expected to bring contribution to the development of efficient, intelligent, and advanced EMSs for future HEV energy management systems.
Highlights
Developing new energy vehicles has been an essential way for global vehicle industry to face the challenge of global environmental degradation and fuel shortage
The characteristics of blend plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) are that the electric drive system cannot provide all the required driving power in the charging of depleting (CD) phase, and the engine is required for auxiliary driving; it cannot operate in full-electric mode during the CD phase
It can be said that the energy management strategy (EMS) of series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) and parallel hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are the bases of the EMS of series parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV), so this section focuses on the EMSs of SHEVs and PHEVs, and it summarizes and discusses the principles of EMSs commonly used in SHEVs and PHEVs
Summary
Developing new energy vehicles has been an essential way for global vehicle industry to face the challenge of global environmental degradation and fuel shortage. Different configurations of HEVs have different control strategies, production costs, and applicable conditions. The EMS has always been a key research topic in the field of HEVs, and its strategies and control algorithms emerge endlessly [1]. The RCS was intelligently extracted from the GOCS, and an online application of the optimization strategy was realized [3,4]. Energies 2020, 13, 5355 and multi-objective optimization algorithms have been applied to the research of EMSs for HEVs [5]. The EMSs of HEVs can be classified according to the topological structure shown in Figure 1 that can be divided into two categories: the RCS and the optimization-based control strategy (OCS).
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