Abstract
Transport and vehicular travel are essential for socio-economic growth, as they enable the operation of cities and businesses globally. However, large percentages of the transport sector currently rely on internal combustion engine vehicles, causing an increase in greenhouse gases and air pollution. Electric vehicles provide a promising solution to the issues faced by the transport sector. As a result, optimization of the electric vehicle powertrain is a key area, with the traction motor control mechanism forming a major component of the powertrain. Consequently, this paper aims to review the novel control techniques which have been applied to the traction motor system in electric vehicles. Direct torque control and indirect field oriented control are commonly applied control techniques as they allow for advanced control of the induction and permanent magnet synchronous motors currently used in most of the electric vehicles being produced. In general, various improvements have been made to conventional direct torque control and indirect field oriented control schemes, in order to reduce ripple and improve parameter insensitivity. While efforts are still being carried out in these areas for electric vehicle applications, it was found that there has been a large emphasis placed on powertrain efficiency improvement through optimization of the traction motor control system. Efficiency improvements have recently been achieved through optimal selection of stator flux and DC link voltage values. Research into efficiency improvement is likely to continue as extended vehicle range can be achieved.
Highlights
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly important, as they provide a solution to many issues that are currently faced by the transport sector [1]–[3]
The variable voltage control method proposed utilizes the modulation index of the SV-PWM technique implemented, as this allows for both the mechanical speed and permanent magnetic synchronous motors (PMSMs) load level to be taken into account
SUMMARY OF THE MOTOR CONTROL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO EV APPLICATIONS The review presented in this article indicates that there are various research works that involve the application of Direct torque control (DTC) or field oriented control (FOC) to the traction motor control system of an electric vehicle
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly important, as they provide a solution to many issues that are currently faced by the transport sector [1]–[3]. With the consideration of various EV components, including the AC/DC converter (90-96% efficiency), the battery input (90-99% efficiency), the battery output (93-98% efficiency), the DC/AC converter (96-98% efficiency), the electric motor (81-95% efficiency), and the mechanical transmission (89-98% efficiency), it was determined that the TTW efficiency of an EV ranges between 50% and 80% [36]–[40] This is in comparison to other types of vehicles which offer a much lower efficiency.
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