Abstract
Along with sexual maturity, the liver undergoes numerous metabolic processes to adapt the physiological changes associated with egg-laying in hens. However, mechanisms regulating the processes were unclear. In this study, comparative hepatic proteome and acetyl-proteome between pre- and peak-laying hens were performed. The results showed that the upregulated proteins were mainly related to lipid and protein biosynthesis, while the downregulated proteins were mainly involved in pyruvate metabolism and were capable of inhibiting gluconeogenesis and lactate synthesis in peak-laying hens compared with that in pre-laying hens. With unchanged expression level, the significant acetylated proteins were largely functioned on activation of polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation in peroxisome, while the significant deacetylated proteins were principally used to elevate medium and short fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation. Most of the proteins which involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid transport, and detoxification were influenced by both protein expression and acetylation. Taken overall, a novel mechanism wherein an alternate source of acetyl coenzyme A was produced by activation of FA oxidation and pyruvate metabolism to meet the increased energy demand and lipid synthesis in liver of laying hens was uncovered. This study provides new insights into molecular mechanism of adaptation to physiological changes in liver of laying hens.
Highlights
It is well-known that liver, as a central metabolic organ, acts as a critical hub for numerous physiological processes including metabolisms of glucose, lipid and cholesterol, protein, and amino acid and so forth in mammals [1, 2]
The results showed that the three biological repeats in each group were statistically consistent, indicating that the data were reliable
With reaching the peak-laying period, the liver undergoes a serial of great physiological changes to meet the needs for egglaying
Summary
It is well-known that liver, as a central metabolic organ, acts as a critical hub for numerous physiological processes including metabolisms of glucose, lipid and cholesterol, protein, and amino acid and so forth in mammals [1, 2]. Humanrelated studies have indicated that protein Kac modification affects cellular nuclear gene transcription and processing [11, 12], protein accumulation or folding [13, 14], DNA damage repair [15] and autophagy [16] through the regulation of enzyme activity [17], protein degradation [18], protein interactions [19], subcellular localization [20], and DNA binding ability [21], regulating energy metabolism and other biological processes. Protein acetylation in mitochondria associates with important biological pathways involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease in dairy cows [27]. These studies suggest that non-histone acetylation plays an important role in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism
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