Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental study of Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFA) involving all the parameters which may affect the characteristics of PIFA. It is found that PIFA characteristics are affected by a number of parameters including the dimensions of the ground plane, length, width, height and position of the top plate, positions and widths of shorting pin/plate and feed pin/plate. It is also found that the width of feed plate plays an important role in broadening the antenna bandwidth. It is shown that a fractional impedance bandwidth up to 65% can be obtained using an optimized design. Furthermore, a new empirical formula is introduced for the estimation of the central operational frequency of PIFA. These results are very useful for aiding PIFA design in practical applications.
Highlights
The Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) can be viewed as evolved from a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna and is widely used in mobile and portable radio applications due to its many attractive attributes such as simple design, lightweight, low-cost, low-profile, conformal nature and reliable performance [1,2,3,4]
It can be concluded that the placement of Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFA) on the ground plane significantly affects the characteristics of the PIFA: the antenna should be placed near the edges (Lz = 0, X = 0) of the ground plane to obtain the maximum impedance bandwidth
We have shown that the PIFA characteristics are affected by a number of parameters
Summary
The Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) can be viewed as evolved from a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna and is widely used in mobile and portable radio applications due to its many attractive attributes such as simple design, lightweight, low-cost, low-profile, conformal nature and reliable performance [1,2,3,4]. Many antenna types for portable applications are extensions of PIFA antenna [5,6,7], which is considered as one of the strongest candidates for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems [8,9] It is well-known that, for a monopole antenna, the desired length is a quarter-wavelength as it is resonant in this case. In the case of a wire Inverted-F Antenna (IFA), design curves are available for a given resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth through which IFA can be designed [13] No such design curves exist for the PIFA. A new empirical equation is proposed that describes the behavior of the PIFA antenna resonance; a very useful tool to predict the resonant frequency of PIFA This new equation is compared with the two equations presented previously, with respect to its accuracy. The information given in this paper should be very helpful for antenna engineers to design the PIFA antenna for a given resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth
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