Abstract
An unbelievable revolution happened in medical science during the late '60s. A casual conversation with a colonel led Larry Hench to the invention of a biomaterial that is more biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, which was named as Bioglass. The material started its journey with its application in the replacement of ossicles in the middle ear, and today Bioglass is dominating in major medical fields like bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, dentistry, and so on. The wide range of applications and such bio-friendly properties of the material also convey a message that this material is a promising area to work in the field of research. Bioglass is synthesized by two methods i) melt quenching and ii) sol-gel. We aim to help new optimistic researchers in uplifting their interest to conduct researches with this auspicious biomaterial. This paper provides a bird's eye view of the history, preparation process, composition of different bioactive glasses and their biological feedback, biocompatibility mechanism, fundamental properties, noteworthy applications, possibilities along with the shortcomings of Bioglass. The shortcomings of Bioglass are elaborated so that the researchers can explore more about those limitations. We have also depicted the chronological advancements of bioglasses over the years. We believe that the prospects of more advanced researches with Bioglass can bring more success in the modern biomedical world.
Highlights
Billions of people are alive today because of the lifesaving, life-altering and life-sustaining treatments that have emerged from curiosity-based research
We aim to provide a basic idea about Bioglass to the readers so that they can conduct research to innovate more
Bioglass composites are using as an alternative to natural bone grafts
Summary
Billions of people are alive today because of the lifesaving, life-altering and life-sustaining treatments that have emerged from curiosity-based research. It is to be mentioned that the bioinert biomaterials used at that time did not form stable bonds with host tissues They initiated fibrous encapsulation after implantation [7]. At one point in this conversation, the colonel said: "If you can make a material that will survive exposure to high energy radiation, can you make a material that will survive exposure to the human body?" [6] These words inspired Hench to invent a material that can alter the use of polymeric and metallic materials. The US army agreed to fund for one-year research based on this hypothesis Hench and his team tried to make a degradable glass by using the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system, which will be rich in calcium content [7].
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