A comprehensive evaluation of available evidence of mavacamten in obstructive HCM: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) poses a significant clinical challenge, characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. mavacamten, a novel medication targeting the sarcomere protein myosin, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic obstructive HCM. Despite its potential efficacy, the comparative effectiveness and safety of Mavacamten remain uncertain, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of available evidence. Purpose We aimed to give a comprehensive appraisal on mavacamten as a treatment option for patients with obstructive HCM informing clinical decision-making. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central, and EMBASE from inception until February 2024. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mavacamten versus placebo in patients with obstructive HCM. The primary outcomes were improvement in NYHA class, Change from baseline in KCCQ-CSS, and the incidence of atrial fibrillation. All data were pooled as either Mean difference in the random effect model with the corresponding SD or pooled as RR and 95% CI for dichotomous data. Results Four randomised controlled trials involving 503 patients were included in the final analysis. the overall odds ratio demonstrated a substantial preference for Mavacamten in achieving more than a one-level improvement in NYHA functional class from baseline (OR: 3.83 (95% CI [2.54 to 5.77], P=0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in terms of KCCQ-CSS (MD= 1.06, 95% CI [ -0.03 to 2.15], P=0.06) or the incidence of atrial fibrillation (OR=1.27, 95% CI [0.51 to 3.14], P=0.60). Conclusion Mavacamten showed a significant improvement on NYHA functional class, with no observed significance in terms of reducing the incidence of AF, or improving the KCCQ-CSS score.KCCQ-CSSNYHA