Abstract
This paper is an attempt to find the interdependence existing between petrophysical properties and ultrasonic wave velocities. Porosity and permeability, apart from other properties, are the two fundamental physical properties of rock responsible for storing and producing hydrocarbon. Understanding the elastic properties of such rocks is essential in developing a deep understanding about the rock and fluid models that describe the seismic response to realistic hydrocarbon reservoirs under different environmental conditions. Therefore, in this study, a detailed state-of-the-art review of the existing association between compressional and shear wave (also known as P wave and S wave) velocities (Vp and Vs) and different petrophysical properties (porosity, density, permeability, water absorption and clay content) has been summarized for carbonate and sandstone rock types of different regions. The relationships discussed are based on datasets measured in laboratory by various researchers under ambient conditions. An effort is made to propose a general trend (global trends) for porosity versus Vp and bulk density versus Vp, which is independent of the type of datasets. However, it is clear that trends do exist, but the prediction is difficult. The empirical relationships derived by various researchers are valid only to the particular dataset for which the relationship was derived. The influence of other factors like mineralogy, rock framework, pore geometry has not been studied by the researchers in their respective studies. Nevertheless, these relationships and correlations can be useful in hydrocarbon exploration industry where direct measurements may not be possible. Moreover, an accurate reservoir description can only be achieved by the integration of geological, petrophysical and geotechnical data.
Highlights
The recovery from unconventional energy fields such as tight oil and gas fields, coal bed methane, shale gas and sustainable energy management practices such as carbon sequestration in the past decade has given rise to new opportunities (Chengzao 2017) and challenging technical innovation in the petroleum industry
We tried to fit a general trend for the entire dataset plotted, and Fig. 2c shows the general linear trend bounding the maximum and minimum range of bulk density and compression wave velocity
In this detailed study on the relationships between the petrophysical properties and the compressional and shear wave velocities based on datasets measured under laboratory condition, it is clear that trends do exist, but the prediction is difficult
Summary
The recovery from unconventional energy fields such as tight oil and gas fields, coal bed methane, shale gas and sustainable energy management practices such as carbon sequestration in the past decade has given rise to new opportunities (Chengzao 2017) and challenging technical innovation in the petroleum industry These new opportunities resulted in a greater focus on rock properties and reservoir heterogeneities that affect the reservoir performance. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology (2019) 9:1869–1881 and diagenesis (Dvorkin et al 2014), are characterized by complex pore space geometry These complex pore structures control the associated petrophysical properties like porosity, permeability and related seismic velocity. Many researchers Assefa et al (2003), Kahraman and Yeken (2008), Kassab and Weller (2015), Al-Dousari et al (2016) and Pappalardo and Mineo (2016) have conducted studies relating the compressional and shear wave velocities with the petrophysical properties of sedimentary rocks by using different laboratory techniques based on ultrasonic velocity measurements
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