Abstract
Conventional amplitude panning can be used to produce images of distant objects. An extended panning method is presented that can also produce image cues for the near-field region, by the control of Inter-aural Level Difference cues in the low frequency range below ∼1000 Hz. The approach has grown from an adaptive panning method that corrects for the dependence of image direction on head orientation. Stereo panning functions are derived from a general formulation. A single first order filter is required for each image. The method is tested by simulating a range of configurations using measured Head Related Transfer Functions, and also with listening tests. The results confirm the ability of the method to control near-field cues, while also compensating image direction for head rotation.
Highlights
I N PREVIOUS studies [1]–[3], the Inter-aural Time Difference (ITD) and Inter-aural Level Difference (ILD) localisation cues, were modelled for general low frequency sound fields
If the head orientation is known, the panning gains can be adjusted so that the resulting field produces the same localisation cues as a plane wave travelling from the target image direction
Calculation with measured Head Related Transfer Functions predicts that this panning process produces stable images, for a wide range of configurations, making significant improvements over conventional panning processes that do not consider the head orientation
Summary
Abstract—Conventional amplitude panning can be used to produce images of distant objects. The results confirm the ability of the method to control near-field cues, while compensating image direction for head rotation. Pressure of the incident free field at the head centre position. Velocity vector of the incident free field at the head centre position. 2θL is the stereo loudspeaker separation from the listener. Date of publication April 30, 2018; date of current version May 21, 2018. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Direction vectors to the stereo loudspeakers from the listener. H1L, h1R h2L, h2R Head related impulse responses from each loudspeaker (1, 2) to each ear (L, R).
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