Abstract
Integrating ever-increasing amounts of variable renewable energy (VRE) into the power system could benefit from harnessing widespread residential demand-side management. This paper presents case studies on the potential benefits of power-to-heat (P2H) flexibility and energy efficiency improvements in a hypothetical future Finnish detached housing stock in the year 2030, both as a part of the larger Nordic power system and in an isolated Finnish power system. The housing stock was depicted using two archetype houses modeled using a simple lumped capacitance approach, integrally optimized as a part of a stochastic linear programming unit commitment model of the power system. With sufficient amounts of VRE, residential P2H with thermal storage was found to yield more system cost savings than simple energy efficiency improvements. However, energy efficiency improvements remained more beneficial for house owners, as excessive use of residential P2H for assisting the power system could result in increased heating costs.
Highlights
With the world producing ever-increasing amounts of renewable energy [1] at record-low costs [2], energy systems are likely to rely increasingly on power generation from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources
This paper aims to compare the impacts of widespread residential P2H and energy efficiency improvements in a hypothetical future Nordic power system by using a stochastic integrated unit commitment (UC)
Full-year integrated optimization of the flexible electrically heated Finnish detached housing stock and power system operations was performed for all the different scenarios detailed in Section 2.1 to study the benefits of various residential P2H and energy efficiency measures
Summary
With the world producing ever-increasing amounts of renewable energy [1] at record-low costs [2], energy systems are likely to rely increasingly on power generation from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. This will challenge the traditional role of the generation side in matching electricity demand, as generation from VRE is bound to the vagaries of weather. With improvements in communications technology and adaptation of smart metering, various DSM solutions are becoming increasingly more viable within the residential sector as well Devices such as electric heating systems and electric vehicles have received their fair share of academic attention [3,5,6], as they represent ideal candidates for DSM within the residential sector. Large scale electrification of heating can result in challenging increases in peak power demand, especially without mitigating DSM measures [10]
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