A comparison of two-component and four-component approaches for calculations of spin-spin coupling constants and NMR shielding constants of transition metal cyanides

Abstract

Relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of nuclear spin-spin coupling constants and shielding constants have been performed for selected transition metal (11th and 12th group of periodic table) and thallium cyanides. The calculations have been carried out using zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) Hamiltonian and four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham (DKS) theory with different nonrelativistic exchange-correlation functionals. Two recent approaches for representing the magnetic balance (MB) between the large and small components of four-component spinors, namely, mDKS-RMB and sMB, have been employed for shielding tensor calculations and their results have been compared. Relativistic effects have also been analysed in terms of scalar and spin-orbit contributions at the two-component level of theory, including discussion of heavy-atom-on-light-atom effects for (1)J(CN), σ(C), and σ(N). The results for molecules containing metals from 4th row of periodic table show that relativistic effects for them are small (especially for spin-spin coupling constants). The biggest effects are observed for the 6th row where nonrelativistic theory reproduces only about 50%-70% of the two-component ZORA results for (1)J(MeC) and about 75% for heavy metal shielding constants. It is important to employ a full Dirac picture for calculations of heavy metal shielding constants, since ZORA reproduces only 75%-90% of the DKS results. Smaller discrepancies between ZORA-DFT and DKS are observed for nuclear spin-spin coupling constants. No significant differences are observed between the results obtained using mDKS-RMB and sMB approaches for magnetic balance in four-component calculations of the shielding constants.