Abstract
IT IS well known that the route of administration greatly modifies the effects of many steroids. Estradiol benzoate, testosterone propionate, and desoxycorticosterone acetate, for example, are very effective when administered parenterally but quite ineffective when administered orally, presumably due to the inactivation of these substances by the liver. On the other hand, it has been known that oral administration of whole adrenal extract is metabolically effective since 1937 when Ingle and Kendall demonstrated that atrophy of the adrenal cortex was produced by the feeding of whole adrenal cortical extract (ACE) to rats in the drinking water. Since then it has been amply confirmed that oral administration of whole adrenal extract in drinking water (D’Amour and Funk, 1937; Ingle, 1938; Ingle and Higgins, 1938; Ingle, Higgins and Kendall, 1938), oral or subcutaneous corticosterone (Wells and Kendall, 1940), and oral, subcutaneous or intramuscular cortisone (Ingle and Mason, 1938; Wells and Kendall, 1940; An...
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