A comparison of oxygen debt in small and large rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson

Abstract

The potential for anaerobic metabolism in fish white muscle appears to increase with body size. Larger fish have higher white muscle glycolytic potential (Somero & Childress, 1980) and display both higher rates of lactate production and higher maximum concentrations of lactate following exhaustive exercise (Goolish, in press). The post-exercise elevation in oxygen consumption by fish (' oxygen debt ') is considered to be the result of processes involved in the recovery from anaerobic metabolism (Gaesser & Brooks, 1984; Milligan & McDonald, 1988) and therefore may also be influenced by body size. The present study compares the oxygen debt of small and large rainbow trout following exhaustive exercise. The respirometer consisted of flow-through tubular chambers (75 and 4200 ml) immersed in a constant water bath (15 C). Oxygen consumption rates were calculated from the flow rate and the change in dissolved oxygen as measured with a Camlab $8543 oxygen meter (Cambridge, U.K.). Mean sizes (*s.E.) of the large and small fish were 32.7cmf3.1 (n = 4) and 7.8 cm 0.6 (n = 3), respectively. Individual post-absorptive fish were placed in the respirometer and monitored until stable control levels of oxygen consumption were observed. The fish were then removed, exercised for 6 min, and returned to the respirometer. Maximal burst activity was induced using a net in tanks of approximately the same relative size (3 by 4 body lengths). Rates of oxygen consumption were determined after 1.2,3,4,5,6 and 8 h, and expressed as a percentage of the mean pre-exercise level. The relative increase in oxygen consumption following exhaustive swimming was higher for the larger fish at each sampling time (Fig. I). The duration of the response was also longer for the large fish (8 h) than for the small fish (5 h). The relative increase in oxygen consumption was significantly higher for the larger fish when the data were combined for the duration of the response (P < 0.02), but individual sampling times were not significantly different. The higher relative increase for large fish was partly due to their lower standard metabolic rate; 58.6 and 96.1 mg 0, kg-' h-' for large and small fish, respectively. The area under each curve was used to calculate the total amount of oxygen consumed above pre-exercise levels. Averaged over the duration of the response, the absolute increases in respiration rates following exercise were similar for the large and small fish; 40.4 and 49.5 mg O2 kg- h-', respectively. Post-exercise oxygen consumption expressed per gramme of white muscle was also similar for large (0.69 mg 0, g-') and small fish (0.65 mg Having white muscle lactate production (Goolish, in press) and post-exercise oxygen consumption data from the same group of fish also provides an opportunity to examine the relationship between these variables and the cost of glycogen restoration. The oxygen debt data from the group of large fish (33 cm) are used here because of their lower variability. Lactate production for fish of the length, subtracting the resting level, is 34.7 pmol g-l (Goolish, in press). This is equivalent to energy production of 1.94 J g-l of white muscle tissue, assuming a 2 : 1 ratio between lactate and each glucosyl unit (Stevens & Black, 1966; Wardle, 1978) and that 558 J are obtained per gramme of glycogen (Wardle, 1975). The