A comparison of methods for gypsum requirement of brine-contaminated soils

Abstract

An estimate of the gypsum requirement (GR) of soils affected by Na salts has practical value. The estimated GR can indicate both the quantity of any Ca amendment needed and the progress of site remediation. Four published methods to estimate GR use analytical results that do not directly include any Na in excess of the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC). GR values thus obtained, for a 15-cm soil layer, are at most 20 to 50 t ha−1. We used these four methods to calculate the GR for various soils with known, differing salt contents. The values obtained were often inconsistent with the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC), parameters that indicate the severity of site-contamination. We also used an unpublished method to estimate GR from the amount of Ca required to bring each soil's SAR down to a threshold value of 7, on the basis of concentrations of soluble ions in a saturated paste filtrate. Estimates of GR made in this way often exceeded 50 t ha−1, but were consistent with SAR and EC levels at the various sites. This method may be more appropriate for estimating GR after brine spills on soils where Na is not readily leached and the quantity of Na exceeds the CEC. This situation often applies on the Canadian prairies. Estimating GR from the quantity of Ca required to replace exchangeable Na may be appropriate for sodic, free-draining soils in areas with high rainfall, or on irrigated land. Key words: Gypsum requirement, salt contamination, sodium adsorbtion ratio, electrical conductivity, formation water