Abstract
Abstract The formation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) from iodide and iopamidol, two major iodine sources to form iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) during monochloramination, was compared in the presence of different organic precursors including algae organic matter (AOM), Suwannee River humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and 2 raw waters. Effect of bromide, reaction time and pH on I-THM formation was also studied. The results showed that in the presence of HA and FA, monochloramination of iodide exhibited much higher I-THM formation than that of iopamidol, while in the presence of AOM, monochloramination of iopamidol formed more I-THMs than that of iodide. The presence of bromide increased I-THM formation from iodide with iodoform as the dominant species, while bromine-containing I-THM species increased significantly from iopamidol with bromochloroiodomethane as the predominant species. The reaction between monochloramine and iopamidol is relatively slow and long-lasting compared to that between monochloramine and iodide. I-THM formation from iodide in the presence of HA was maximum at pH 7 but significantly inhibited at pH higher than 7.5 from iopamidol in the presence of AOM. The correlation between the ratio of I-THMs to dissolved organic carbon concentration and the specific ultraviolet absorbance value of raw waters was positive for iodide but negative for iopamidol during monochloramination.
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