Abstract
The analysis of building frames under thermal loading is an important task in structural engineering. Linear analysis is generally inadequate for large temperature changes, and nonlinear analysis is essential to correctly model the behavior of the structure. Various nonlinear models are used in practice and these models usually involve some form of approximation of the nonlinear effects. In this case, it is not often clear what effects the approximations have on the analysis. This paper discusses a general approach for the nonlinear analysis of steel frames under thermal loading. In particular, we consider the role of approximations in the governing equations of the structure and the effects of the changes in material properties at high temperatures. Several examples are given in the paper that demonstrate the various effects of the approximations and assumptions on the results.
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