A Comparison of Body Image, Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Nutrition and Exercise with Dietary Intake and Activity Levels of Professional Firefighters

Abstract

Study participants were 104 professional firefighters from a large Midwestern city. Questionnaires were administered at the fire stations during a work day and body composition data was collected during annual physical assessments. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.6 ± 3.5kg/meter2. Knowledge, attitude, and body image scores were based on a Likert-type scale with 75% or better indicating a strong understanding or positive attitude. Mean body image score of 49.0 ± 7.1 (75% = 56.3) and mean total attitude score of 39.6 ± 5.3 (75% = 41.3) indicate slightly negative body image and attitude. Mean total knowledge score of 62.6 ±6.5 (75% = 60.0) reflects a strong understanding of nutrition and physical activity. Mean physical activity score (8.5 ± 0.89) was measured using the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity. Dietary intake was assessed using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat and Fruit/Vegetable/ Fiber Intake. Mean fat score (19.0 ± 7.7) indicates some low-fat food choices are being made, but more low-fat foods could be included in the diet. Mean fruit/vegetable/ fiber score (16.3 ± 4.6) indicates diets are low in important nutrients and fruit, vegetable, and fiber consumption need to improve. Total knowledge score was positively associated with physical activity (r=0.243. p<0.05) and fiber score (r=0.323, p<0.01), and negatively associated with fat score (r=−0.161, p<0.05). Total opinion score was positively associated with physical activity (r=0.434 p<0.01) and fiber score (r=0.113, p<0.05), and negatively associated with fat score (r=-0.212, p<0.05). Body image score was negatively associated with BMI (r=-0.40, p<0.01). Substantial relationships exist between knowledge and attitude, and actual physical activity and dietary intake. This data will be useful for providing future education and intervention programs about nutrition and physical activity for professional firefighters.