A Comparison of Attachment Styles and Identity Styles in People with Gender Dysphoria Disorder (Operated and Not Operated) and Normal People in Southwest of Iran In 2014

Nahid Mahmoodi,Mohammad Zarenezhad,Ghasem Naziri

doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p381

Abstract

The gender dysphoria disorder is a very rare condition and family is a factor relating to that which is probably effective in its etiology and also at the same time, in its retention. The aim of this study was to compare the attachment style and styles of identity in individuals suffering from this disorder and normal individuals in southwest of Iran. This case control study, was performed to 52 patient from the forensics head office of Fars province who have been diagnosed as suffering from gender dysphoria disorder (the case group) and 150 available people who have been cleared by psychologist of any psychological disorder (witness group). The study tolls include demographic data and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins and Read) and identity styles questionnaire (ISI) were used in both groups. The gathered data analyzed with the SPSS software (v.18).The statically method’s includes univariate F, Scheffe Poc-Hoc test. A level of significance of (P DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p381

Highlights

Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition which is a reflection of the individual’s feeling of his or her sexual identity (Besharat et al, 2012), it appears at the age of 18 months and is often consolidateBy the age of 24 to 30 months which is usually coordinated with the individual’s anatomic gender ((Yazdanpanah & Samadian, 2011), (Asgari et al, 2008))
Considering that gender identity disorder is an unexpected phenomenon and the person is born with healthy and natural body, the occurrence of opposite gender identity from the age of 2 or 3 years is not predictable and comprehensible for parents. This problem disrupts the acceptance of the child and a sustainable strong emotional relationship with parents, Specially the mother (Besharat et al, 2012) which is consistent Zucker (Teimouri et al, 2013) and Coates’s (Taheri et al, 2013) findings which claim that 78% of mother of children with GID have experienced mental trauma and family problems in the first three years of their child’s life and they have often been inaccessible emotionally for the duration
Considering the finding that the highest score for insecure attachment styles among individuals with gender identity disorder relates to ambivalent attachment style, this style of attachment is connected to unpredictability and irregular access of the career and the Features Which According to Previous Studies, exist in these individuals’ mothers and the child’s fear of career’s negative evaluations of himself/herself

Summary

Introduction

Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition which is a reflection of the individual’s feeling of his or her sexual identity (Besharat et al, 2012), it appears at the age of 18 months and is often consolidateBy the age of 24 to 30 months which is usually coordinated with the individual’s anatomic gender ((Yazdanpanah & Samadian, 2011), (Asgari et al, 2008)). One of the listed disorders in mental disorders diagnostic and statistical guide is the identity dysphoria disorder which will be in the form of the difference between determined gender at birth and the mental impression of belonging to a particular gender ((Vitelli & Riccardi, 2011), (Hedjazi et al, 2013)).These individuals constantly feel uncomfortable with their biological gender (Hatami & Ayvazi, 2013), and try to proximate themselves to the opposite sex by use of hormones and operation ((Mehrabi 1996), (Okabe N et al, 2008)).Usually in patients and individuals suffering from GID, the initial childhood growth, emotional relationship with parents-children ((Spack et al, 2012), (Amani et al, 2012)), and the condition inside family life can create a state which leads to this disorder((Arya et al, 2012), (Momeni javid & Shoaa kazemi, 2011)). Simon (2011) showed in his research that most people who had MF transsexuality were due to having unsuitable parents (Simon et al, 2011).Other studies have identified family factors effective in creating gender dysphoria disorder, these include: existence of a depressed mother, too much of a close relationship with mother, mother’s lack of support and father’s absence ((Yazdanpanah & Samadian, 2011), (Sípová & Brzek, 1983), (Cohen-Kettenis & Gooren, 1999), ( Rezaei et al, 2007), (Zucker, 2008))

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion