Abstract
With the ability to cross placental barriers in their hosts, strains of Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis can exhibit either beneficial or harmful properties. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be determined. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of human placental trophoblasts in response to pathogenic or probiotic E. faecalis was performed in order to investigate the molecular basis of different traits. Results indicated that both E. faecalis Symbioflor 1 and V583 could pass through the placental barrier in vitro with similar levels of invasion ability. In total, 2353 (1369 upregulated and 984 downregulated) and 2351 (1233 upregulated and 1118 downregulated) DEGs were identified in Symbioflor 1 and V583, respectively. Furthermore, 1074 (671 upregulated and 403 downregulated) and 1072 (535 upregulated and 537 downregulated) DEGs were only identified in Symbioflor 1 and V583 treatment groups, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that 6 and 9 signaling pathways were associated with interactions between Symbioflor 1 and V583. GO analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to cellular and metabolic processes and biological regulation. However, 28 and 44 DEGs were classified into terms associated with placental and embryonic development in Symbioflor 1 and V583 treatment groups, respectively. Notably, 9 and 25 unique DEGs were identified only in Symbioflor 1 and V583 treatment groups, respectively. A large proportion of transcriptional responses differed when compared between pathogenic and probiotic E. faecalis interaction, and several unique DEGs and signal pathways were identified in the two different groups. These data enhance our understanding of how different traits can be affected by pathogenic and probiotic E. faecalis and the mechanisms underlying these effects.
Highlights
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in a variety of different matrices including the alimentary tract and foods. is bacterium has received substantial attention due to the fact that it can exert both beneficial and pathogenic effects [1]
We have previously demonstrated that E. faecalis OG1RF can pass through the placental barrier of pregnant mice, translocate into the fetus, and affect both fetal and placental growth and development [7]
We demonstrated that E. faecalis OG1RF induces placental and embryonic development retardation, stress and stimulus response activation, apoptosis, immune response disorder, and cell adhesion disintegration of placental trophoblasts through various signaling pathways using real-time PCR and DNA microarray [8]
Summary
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in a variety of different matrices including the alimentary tract and foods. is bacterium has received substantial attention due to the fact that it can exert both beneficial and pathogenic effects [1]. Previous researches have shown that E. faecalis is able to pass through biological barriers and can subsequently mediate a variety of effects in the host [4, 5]. We have previously demonstrated that E. faecalis OG1RF can pass through the placental barrier of pregnant mice, translocate into the fetus, and affect both fetal and placental growth and development [7]. We demonstrated that E. faecalis OG1RF induces placental and embryonic development retardation, stress and stimulus response activation, apoptosis, immune response disorder, and cell adhesion disintegration of placental trophoblasts through various signaling pathways using real-time PCR and DNA microarray [8]. E presence of this type of bacteria in meconium could initiate gut colonization as an adaptation to the fetal gut to prepare the fetus E. faecalis has been identified in meconium obtained from healthy neonates. e presence of this type of bacteria in meconium could initiate gut colonization as an adaptation to the fetal gut to prepare the fetus
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