Multifunctional angiogenic factors: add GnRH to the list. Focus on “Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-regulated chemokine expression in human placentation”

Abstract

the historical view that angiogenesis is governed by the action of a few dominant trophic factors, such as VEGF, FGF, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), has steadily eroded over the past two decades to give rise to the vision of a much more dynamic regulation in which angiogenesis is