A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AMONG THE ELDERLY LIVING IN OLD AGE HOMES AND COMMUNITY, PUDUCHERRY

Abstract

Depression is a state of mental illness. It is characterized by deep, long lasting feelings of sadness or despair. Depression can change an individual’s thinking/feelings and also affects his/her social behaviour and sense of physical well-being. It can affect people of any age group, including young children and teens. It can run in families and usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30 years. Women and elderly people are more commonly affected than men. There are several types of depression such as major depression it is a change in mood that lasts for weeks or months. It is one of the most severe types of depression. Dysthymia is a less severe form of depression but usually lasts for several years. Psychotic depression a severe form of depression associated with hallucinations and delusions .Seasonal depression, occurring only at certain time of the year usually winter, also known as winter blues’. Some of the common factors that may cause depression are genetics , trauma and high levels of stress, mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and substance abuse, postpartum depression (women may develop depression after the birth of the baby), serious medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer and HIV, use of certain medications, alcohol and drug abuse, individuals with low self-esteem, trauma and high levels of stress due to financial problems, breakup of a relationship or loss of a loved one. The signs and symptoms of depression include feeling of sadness and loneliness, loss of interest in activities once found enjoyable, feeling of hopelessness, worthlessness or excessive guilt, fatigue or loss of energy, sleeping too little or too much, loss of appetite, restlessness and being easily annoyed. Diagnose the depression based on the detailed history and sign and symptoms of the individual. Laboratory tests such as blood tests to screen for alcohol/drugs in blood. Psychological evaluation of the individual’s thoughts, feelings and behaviour patterns. The most common treatments of depression are Counselling & Psychotherapy, Medication, Electro convulsive therapy. Medications such as anti-depressants are given to help balance chemicals in the brain known as ‘neuro transmitters’. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is carried out in case the treatment with other therapies such as medications has failed. Preventive measures include regular exercise, healthy diet and stable relationships. Statement Of The Problem: A comparative study to assess the level of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community, Puducherry’’. Objectives: To assess the level of depression among the elderly. • To compare the level of depression among elderly residing in old age home and those living in community. • To associate the level of depression among elderly with their selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The investigator obtained formal permission from Hospital authority and Institutional Ethical Committee of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. The study was conducted at help age India old age home and thirubhuvanai community area, Puducherry. The period of data collection was four weeks .The study was conducted quantitative research approach ,descriptive research design and convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample .The sample size was 60 elderly depression patient, 30 were inmates of old age home and 30 were living in community. The investigator explained the procedure to the clients and assessed level of depression among elderly people’s. After obtaining oral consent primarily the demographic data was obtained from the samples. Standardized Hamilton depression rating scale prepared by the investigator was used to assess the level of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community. This scale consists of 17 items. The data variables were collected from the elderly residing at help age India and thirubhuvanai community area .This was continued for 15-20 minutes in a day. Sample is reassessed to analyze the intervention on depression. Data analysis was done using descriptive and statistical analysis. Result: The findings shows that, the mean score of the level of depression among the elderly living in the old age homes was 16.47 ± 4.637 and the community was 12.73 ± 6.341.The calculated independent ‘t’ test value of t = -2.603 shows statistically significant difference between Comparison between the level of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community respectively. Conclusion: Out of 60 samples in Frequency and percentage wise distribution of level of depression among the elderly living in old age homes and community .In old age homes, Majority of the elderly10 (33.3%) had moderate level of depression, 9 (30%) had severe level of depression, 8 (26.7%) had mild level of depression, 2 (6.7%) had extremely severe level of depression and 1 (3.3%) had normal level.