Abstract
Corn pericarp and peanut hull (lignocellulosic materials) which are food industry by-products were used as substrates in this study. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pretreatments at 0%, 2.5% and 5% were used for the removal of lignin. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) were conducted using Aspergillus niger (strain 201201) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain 26603). Aspergillus niger was added on day 1 to all samples with inoculation treatments of S. cerevisiae at one-day intervals (A = Day 1, B = Day 2, C = Day 3 and D = Day 4). Pretreatment with 2.5% H2O2 was more beneficial in the removal of lignin for both substrates. Corn pericarp yielded an ethanol concentration of 22.2 g/L in C and 21.78 g/L in D of 2.5% H2O2 pretreatment. Peanut hull with 2.5% H2O2 pretreatment in D yielded a higher concentration at 10.38 g/L compared to other inoculation treatments. The highest ethanol yielded on a percentage basis for corn pericarp was 45.04% in C of 2.5% H2O2 pretreatment and 24.6% in D of 2.5% H2O2 pretreatment for peanut hull.
Highlights
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food commodities is projected to increase by 0.25 1.0 percent in 2016
Corn pericarp substrate subjected for alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% H2O2 showed maximum removal of lignin which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared to 0% and 5% H2O2 treated samples
Samples treated with 2.5% and 5% H2O2 resulted in 12.92% and 10.76% weight loss, respectively
Summary
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food commodities is projected to increase by 0.25 1.0 percent in 2016. This increase is below the 20-year average of 2.5. Increases are due to increases in the global population, cost of production and processing of food products, commodity transportation costs and natural calamities which damage crops. C. Narayanan increased by approximately 1.5% in 2015 and gasoline usage alone is projected to increase by at least 1.5% in 2016. As there is a lot of waste between the producer and consumer it must be recognized that if industries are able to recycle their waste products into a value-added products like bio diesel and bio ethanol, they could recoup fuel expenses for the transportation of their commodities to the consumer. The objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of producing ethanol from food waste streams
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