Abstract
Photovoltaic devices based on earth-abundant, low-cost, and eco-friendly resources without making compromises on efficiencies and lifetime seem to be a great challenge to photovoltaic-based industries. Owing to its material characteristics, Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has emerged as a prominent absorber material for solar cell applications. A direct band gap of 1.4–1.5 eV, p-type conductivity, and a high absorption coefficient of about 104 cm−1 make Kesterite protrude among the conventional CIGS, CdTe technologies. The solar cell performance is found to be sensitive towards the optoelectrical properties which in turn rely upon the composition and crystal structure of the absorber material. Hence it is necessary to optimize and comprehend the growth and formation of absorber material in order to achieve the desired stoichiometry.
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