A comparative study on the effect of different fibrous nanofillers on the properties of natural rubber nanocomposites

Abstract

AbstractThe specific geometry and distinct properties of one‐dimensional nanostructures make them the most ideal candidates as reinforcing elements in composites and the dependence of physical, mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of polymer composites on their dimensionality, nature, and dispersion is interesting. The upsurging demands for high‐performance elastomer composites require the application of such nanomaterials as reinforcing agents. Here, we offer a detailed characterization of some of the novel fibrous nanofillers such as silicon carbide nanofibers, aramid nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphite nanofibers. Morphology, crystallinity, surface chemistry, polarity, and thermal stability of these nanofibers were analyzed using techniques such as electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Natural Rubber nanocomposites were developed using these fibrous nanofillers, and their rheometric, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties were studied. ANF‐reinforced compounds gave the highest increment in 300% modulus while the highest tensile strength was obtained by CNT reinforced compounds at 4 phr filler loading. CNT and GNF‐reinforced compounds improved the wear resistance simultaneously by 43% and 33% respectively, while SiC and ANF improved it by 10% and 8% respectively. Lower tan delta and better thermal stability were also recorded. Future exploration may involve the use of these nanofibers in conjunction with carbon black or silica to achieve high‐performance elastomer compounds for real‐life applications.