Abstract
In order to thoroughly understand the quantitative relationships between the flow stress and deformation conditions for Ti2AlNb-based alloys at elevated temperatures, the Arrhenius and Johnson–Cook constitutive models are analyzed and identified on the basis of the uniaxial tensile tests. The Johnson–Cook model is modified so that the referenced temperature range can be randomly adjusted. By experimental verification, the Arrhenius model (including the Backofen model) is suitable for the deformation at relatively low strain-rate deformation, such as the superplastic forming, and the modified J–C model is applicable for the deformation within a wide range of strain rates. For deformation at high temperatures, the constitutive model enables a more precise description of the effect of strain on the flow stress through introducing as train-softening factor exp(sε).
Highlights
In recent years, various constitutive models have been developed to describe the flow behaviors of metals and alloys
−4 s−1 to between 930 ◦ C and 990 ◦ C, and strain rates ranging from 2.5 × 10
−4 −1 between 930 °C and 990 °C, and strain rates ranging from 2.5 × 10 s to 8 × 10 s
Summary
Various constitutive models have been developed to describe the flow behaviors of metals and alloys. It is required to use different constitutive models to describe the deformation behaviors due to the differences in their mechanical properties. Different constitutive models can be used due to the dependence of its mechanical properties on the deformation conditions such as temperatures and strain rates. Used constitutive models for deformation at elevated temperature are the Arrhenius model, the Johnson–Cook (J–C) model, and so forth. For the Arrhenius model [2,4], the effects of temperature and strain rate on the flow behavior are considered, expressed as: ε= A[sinh(ασ)]n exp[− Q/( RT )]
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