Abstract
Sustainable transportation requires energy-efficient automotive oils, and producing lubricant with more effective additives is the goal. This study investigates alternative oil-soluble ionic liquids (ILs) as substitutes for ZDDP additives in automotive gear lubricant (85 W/90) to mitigate environmental impacts. Herein, two novel halogen-free Gemini ILs (N16-2-16P4 and N16-2-16P8) were synthesized. The current study used zinc isopropyl-isooctyl-dithiophosphate (T204) at a 1 wt% concentration in 85 W/90 oil to compare the tribological and physicochemical properties of ILs. The tribological data indicate that the N16-2-16P4 and N16-2-16P8 additives reduce friction coefficient and wear volume by 9–12 % and 7–28 %, respectively, compared to the T204 additive. Eventually, this study presents ILs as eco-friendly oil additives in vehicles and mechanical systems.
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