A comparative study of research and development related to nanotechnology in Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa

Abstract

It has been proven that nanotechnology has a wide range of applications. This makes it a very significant technology for the future. Because of its scope, nanotechnology is multidisciplinary, requires specialized personnel, and is highly capital intensive. Thus, many nations are increasing their respective activities in fundamental research in nanotechnology intending to develop products and/or processes based on their respective strategies, as shown in more than 60 countries globally, Africa inclusive. This study assesses the current status of nanotechnology in Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa, focusing mainly on research and development (R & D). Malaysia was selected as a control for comparison with the selected African countries and the top-ranking nations in the factors used. The assessment related to R&D in nanotechnology was conducted based on background information, strategic plans, institutions and researchers involved, publications, and nano-based products. Results obtained indicate that South Africa has the highest ranking (66%) in R & D related to nanotechnology when compared to Egypt (59%) and Nigeria (38%). But the achievement is low for all the countries studied when compared to Malaysia (86%), used as a control, and others that have extremely high rankings in the factors studied. By implication, all the countries studied need to invest more, at different rates, in nano-based R & D to achieve their stated plans in this competitive global world.