A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Japanese Classifiers

The research aims to describe the forms of causative verbs and their markers in the Japanese and Indonesian languages; causative sentences and their meanings in the Japanese and Indonesian languages, as well as the similarities and differences of causative constructions in the Japanese and Indonesian languages. The research applies structural linguistics, semantics, and contrastive analysis to compare causative verbs, causative constructions, and causative meanings in Japanese and Indonesian languages. The research findings show that the forms of causative verbs in the Japanese language can be divided into two types: morphological causative and lexical causative. Meanwhile, Indonesian causative verbs are categorised into three types: analytic causative, morphological causative, and lexical causative. The causative sentence constructions in Japanese and Indonesian are derived from non-causative sentences by changing the predicate into a causative verb. The Japanese morphological causative construction can be divided into three patterns: subject ga direct object ni V-aseru/V-saseru and subject ga direct object o V-aseru/V-saseru for intransitive bases, as well as subject ga nondirect object ni direct object o V-aseru/V-saseru for transitive bases—lexical causative construction in Japanese, subject ga direct object o causative verb. Unlike the Japanese language, the causative sentence constructions in Indonesian take three types: analytic causative pattern, morphological causative, and lexical patterns.

This article is a qualitative description of the nouns reduplication comparison in Indonesian and Japanese language. Nouns are restricted to the category on the noun which can be counted (KBK). The data were taken from library source and analyzed by comparing the elements of similarity and difference. As result, it was found that there are similarities and differences between KBK�s reduplication of Indonesian and Japanese language. The equations include three items, namely; a) it has simple type without affixes, b) it has complex type with changes of consonants, and c) it functions to declare the indefinite category of the group. While the differences consist of four items and they are not found in Japanese language. Those four items are: a) it is in the form of simply affix, b) it is in the complex form with the repetition of consonants, c) it functions to show group category indefinite, and d) it functions as types of category indefinite. Those differences prove that reduplication of KBK in Indonesian language are more productive that reduplication of KBK in Japanese language.Keywords: reduplication, noun, Indonesian language, Japanese language

The research aimed to find the imperative of requests and their politeness in the Indonesian and Japanese languages. It also aimed to analyze the similarities and dissimilarities between both languages. The method applied in the research was comparative studies. The data on both languages were collected from novels, movie dialogue, email, questionnaires, SNS (LINE, WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook), and daily conversation corpus. As a result, the request markers "tolong" and "mohon" change an imperative into requesting expression. "Boleh" and "bisa" are necessary to construct an interrogative imperative of request. On the other hand, in the Japanese language, there are onkei hyōgen (~te kureru/~te kudasaru/~te morau/~te itadakeru) and ganbō hyōgen (~tai, ~te hoshii). It also has positive (masu), negative (nai/masen), assertive (masuka/desuka), and tentative (deshōka) forms. In the Indonesian and Japanese languages, commanding has the lowest politeness, followed by requesting expression. The permission request is the politest. Also, the imperative of request shows modesty and does not strongly force the audience. The imperative of request in the Indonesian language is a command that got request markers "tolong" and "mohon" to soften the command intention. On the contrary, the Japanese separate the imperative of command and request forms.

This scientific article examines the research and classification of complex sentences in the Kyrgyz and other languages of the Altai family. Different views of scientists are given when determining the types of complex sentences. When disassembling, syntactic differences and similarities of complex sentences are determined. The analysis identifies their syntactic similarities and differences. The Kyrgyz proverb can be used in works of art, colloquial style, journalistic art genres. And it is considered in close connection with their syntactic peculiarity, which often follows directly from this. There is not a single sphere of people’s life that is not reflected in proverbs and sayings. It sets out not only the totality of the everyday and social life experience of the people, but also its traditions, experiences, psychology, views on good, evil, nature and its phenomena. But such a rich and deep meaning is achieved through short and artistic syntactic constructs. Therefore, the thought expressed in it is very expressive and sharp, figurative. In proverbs and sayings, we see not only the best examples of folk wisdom, but also the richness of the folk language, the power of the word. This scientific article deals with the research and classification of complex sentences in the Kyrgyz and other languages of the Altai family. The use of complex sentences in Kyrgyz proverbs about animal husbandry. As well as their historical kinship and syntactic differences between the Kyrgyz and other languages of the Altai family. Different views of scientists are given in determining the types of complex sentences. When disassembling is determined by the syntactic differences and similarities of complex sentences.

Compound verb –dasu in Japanese language, adverb mulai (start), and adverb baru (just) in Indonesian language are marks of inchoative aspect. This research aims to describe the difference and similarity of those three marks of inchoative aspect. The method applied in this research is intralingual padan method. As the result of the research, it is proven that compound verb –dasu and adverb baru are focusing on the beginning of an activity or alteration, meanwhile adverb mulai (start) is a sign of the beginning of an event with an exact finished oriented. Compound verb –dasu, adverb mulai (start), and adverb baru can be constructed as activity verb and punctual verb, both volitional and non volitional with animate and inanimate as the subject. Then, the differences are compound verb –dasu shows the beginning of an event that happens suddenly, meanwhile the adverb mulai (start) and baru (just) do not; beside, the adverb mulai (start) can be modified as stative verb, adjective and noun, meanwhile compund verb –dasu can not.

This article examines Contrastive Analysis of Refusal in Indonesian language and Japanese language. Up to now, there have been no contrastive researchs which compare refusal speech acts within Indonesian language and Japanese language, focused on working situations. This article reports on a study to investigate differences and similarities in the politeness strategies of refusals between Japanese language (JS) and Indonesian language (IS). This study employed politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). Therefore the participants of this research were Indonesian and Japanese who currently work in company, school, etc. This research used descriptive method and collecting data using DCT (Discourse Completion Test) in Indonesian and Japanese. Therefore, the research subjects were those who already worked with the age-range from 22 to 50 years. 40 native speakers of Indonesian (IS) and 40 native speakers of Japanese (JS) participated in this study. All participants were asked to fill out a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) which written in the form role-play questionaire, consisting of 3 situations. DCT situations were categorized based on power and familiarity/social distance between speaker and hearer. Results are as follows: (1) JS and IS using apology, reason, fuka, and requeirment in refusal act. (2) IS explain reason clearly in refusal act. Other hand JS using aimai reason. (3) JS used expressions of apology appropriately according to their power (hierarchical position), while IS made appropriate use of these expressions according to relative social distance. (4) IS tend to using requeirement in each refusal act.

Slang is one of the language styles used by young people, which is called Wakamono Kotoba in Japanese and Bahasa Gaul in Indonesian. One similar characteristic in wakamono kotoba (Japanese slang) and Bahasa Gaul (Indonesian’s slang) is the abbreviation. This research aims to compare Japanese and Indonesian slang abbreviations by explaining their origins, processes, differences, and similarities. This study was collected based on written language from Pergikuliner and Taberogu sites from March until April 2023, each taking a maximum of 50 reviews per restaurant. The review was gathered from 10 restaurants each from Indonesian and Japanese sites, meaning there are 500 data from each site and 1000 reviews from both websites. Then, the author conducted the research by analyzing the abbreviation process with similarities and differences between the two languages. The results show 398 data on slang abbreviations in wakamono kotoba and 244 data on slang abbreviations in bahasa gaul. The abbreviation process in the Japanese language mainly happens with the abbreviation of sentences or phrases, following that is an abbreviation at the end of the word, the abbreviation of two or more moras, omissions at the end of each term, the abbreviation of three words in a sentence or phrases, and abbreviations formed from initial letters of each word. On the other hand, the abbreviation process in the Indonesian language mainly happens as an omission of the word’s part, followed by shortened words from a combination of letters, acronyms of letters, combining from two separate forms, and abbreviation as letter symbols. The similarity between the two languages is used identical types of abbreviations (acronyms and toujigo), have the abbreviation process from another language, and have the same pattern in the abbreviation of the end of words. While the differences are from letters or syllables, the objects that went through the abbreviation process, changed in form in the Japanese source and tended to use foreign languages in the Indonesian source.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to analyze the grammatical function of the noun of Japanese and Indonesian language and diversification of Noun and the system of inflectional of two language
 Methodology: The methodology of the study was qualitative that focused on library research. In this case, the author conducted constructive analysis to analyze the similarities and differences of the languages in terms of form and function by text-book based on Indonesia and the Japanese Language. The text-book based constructive analysis of library research was chosen to be able to evaluate and renovate the text-book used by language students; Indonesian and Japanese so that their understanding of language comparison and contrast of those languages would be better in the future. Additionally, the lingual contrastive theory was also applicated to establish the term of comparison of the noun of Indonesian and Japanese. From the analysis of the data, it found that the diversity of Noun Forms of Japanese as the subject or the object is classified by particles such as WA,O. A different variation is reflected in the form of the noun of Indonesian where it is not followed with the word of the object.
 Main Findings: This study also found that the equality form of Noun between Indonesian and Japanese in terms of the function of the subject and the object that refers to the name of people, place, etc.
 Applications of this study: The implication of the study is applicated with the process of language acquisition of Japanese as the foreign language of Indonesian students, especially in evaluating and renovating the text-book used by students.

Japanese is regarded as mora-timed, while Indonesian is syllable-timed because it provides equal weight and time for all syllables. Indonesian learners are struggling in differentiating one mora and two moras, and single consonant and double consonants. This study investigated Indonesian respondents’ ability to identify double consonants (sokuon), short vowels (tan’on) dan long vowels (chouon). 62 Indonesian respondents were involved as they were asked to listen carefully to a set of sounds containing the three distinctive sounds once and to write the sentence they heard. The result showed that 18% of 62 respondents fail to identify the short vowel (tan’on) because they omit certain sounds, change the word form inaccurately and put words in the inaccurate position when they write the sentence. In identifying double consonants (sokuon), 11% of 62 respondents failed because they inaccurately changed the word form when writing the sentence. In identifying long vowels (chouon), only 6% of 62 respondents failed because they added unnecessary sounds and changed the word form inaccurately. In conclusion, although Japanese and Indonesian languages are different in their rhythm classes, Indonesian learners’ ability to identify the distinctive sounds of the Japanese language is relatively high although listening to the material more than once.

This study aims at (1) describing the rules of the passive voice in Indonesian and Japanese languages, (2) finding the markers of passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese languages, (3) describing the similarities and differences of passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese. The data is collected by the descriptive method. The method of data analysis is a contrastive analysis. The result of data analysis is presented by method Indonesian passivization explained by the change of morphology on the verb, for example, Indonesian language passive using markers di-, ter- and ke-an. Meanwhile, Japanese language passivization is described by verbs and nouns functioning as objects in passive sentences. Japanese verbs consist of consonant verbs, vowel verbs, and irregular verbs. Passive sentences in the Japanese language are marked by marker ni + V-areru for consonant verbs, markers ni + V-areru for vocal verbs, ni + V-areru for irregular verbs, and ni + yotte V-areru/V-rareru for verbs that are followed as object inanimate nouns. Similarly, there are two passivizations in Japanese: passivization using the direct object and the indirect object. However, the indirect passivization of the Japanese can use transitive verbs or intransitive verbs. Japanese passive sentences express the completion of an action and an unpleasant meaning. In comparison, the Japanese passive sentence is not used as regularly as Indonesian passive because Japanese passive tends to express a point of view first person. In addition, another difference between passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese is that in Japanese it is important to know the subject.

This research aims to examine mode of speech revolve of Covid 19 in bahasa Indonesia and Japanese language in social media. The revolving of the Covid 19 that has been conveyed on social media by both policy-making officials and the general public has its own style of language that allows the power of speech in various illocutions, related to the efforts made to avoid the Covid 19 virus outbreak. The research method was carried out through qualitative descriptive and using photo-tapping and note-taking techniques. The theory used is, pragmatics refers to Leech (2003), taiguu hyougen from Pon (2004). The results of the study found that the speech revolving Covid 19 was carried out in assertive illocutionary, directive (ordering, pleading and demanding), and expressive (criticizing and praising). Violation of the maxims of quality and quantity is carried out through the ironic power of excessive and understated speech. Face threatening acts in negative face are found in speeches revolving Covid 19 in Indonesian and Japanese. Face threatening acts with positive face are only found in Indonesian.

This study aims to analyze the errors in the construction of Japanese passive sentence. This research involves Indonesian Japanese language students of semester IV. The sample of this research is Indonesian essay in 200 words. Quantitative and qualitative methods are used based on the error establishment definition of Japanese passive sentence Ichikawa (2005). The research result shows that the students make mistake in changing the Japanese passive verb form by 53%, the error in particle selection as much as 24%, the error in the subject structuring and object complement 18% and error in sentence formation of Yari-morai (giving-taking) as much as 5%.The error in changing the Japanese passive verb form is caused by a lack of practice and understanding of Japanese passive forms. Error in particle selection is caused by negative transfer factor. The lack of students 'understanding of the formation of Japanese passive sentences causes learners to tend to arrange subjects and principals' objects in Japanese passive sentences following the Indonesian passive sentence arrangement rules. The results of this study can provide an overview for Japanese language teachers, especially about the acquisition of learning passive Japanese sentence language among Indonesian students to be able to make a variety of a more creative teaching.

(Contrastive study between tenses in Japanese and Indonesian Languages) Expressing time in sentences is universal in any language, although it's marked differently in each language. This research objective is to know the differences in tenses marker between Japanese and Indonesian languages. The method used is the descriptive method. As a result of the research findings, it was found that in the Japanese language tenses are marked by morphemic forms were characterized by bound morphemes, whereas Indonesian tenses are marked as lexical by the adverb. Attendance adjunct in Japanese is optional, in Indonesian adjunct explain the position, activity, state of theft with the time of speech.Keywords: tense, bentuk -ru, bentuk -ta, adverbia kala

This study aims to identify the students’ acceptance level of the use of Google Classroom as a platform in Blended-learning and to compare the results between three departments of Language and Arts Department in FKIP of Universitas Riau. Data of this survey research were collected through an online survey using Google form and analysed descriptively. The survey was distributed to all students and 205 of them responded the survey coming from three departments: English Language and Arts Department, Indonesian Language and Arts Department, and Japanese Language and Arts Department in FKIP of Universitas Riau. The questionnaires in the survey used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1986) with four indicators to measure the students’ acceptance: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Actual System Use (AU). The students’ acceptance levels in terms of Perceived usefulness (62,8%) was in very good category; Perceived Ease of Use (67,2%) was in very good category; Behavioral Intention (69%) was in very good category; and Actual System Use (48,55%) was good category. The result shows that the level of the students’ acceptance of Google Classroom, in general, is Very Good (62%). It means, the students positively accepted Google Classroom as a platform in blended-learning. Behavioral Intention was the indicator with the highest percentage (69%) which explains that students are interested and intend to increase their use of the Google Classroom. Data also shows that out of the three departments, English Language and Arts Department has the highest average mean score (3.67) followed by Indonesian Language and Arts Department (3.57) and Japanese Language and Arts Department (3.54). This study implies that English department students experienced more acceptance in using the Google Classroom compared to the other two departments.

Japanese language is a language that has different sentence structure with bahasa Indonesia. In addition, particles or 助词 are also characteristis in Japanese. There are so many of them, causing the basic level Japanese language learners confused. Therefore, as a new study program, studies based on goyou or dai ni gengou shuutoku are conducted as a mean to look at the problems occured in Japanese language learning at UNHAS. This study used qualitative researchmethod. Population was taken from Japanese Literature, Faculty of Literature, Universitas Hasanuddin. Twenty two from second year students were the sample and randomly selected. Based on the results, the research concludes that the explanation of the use of particleで and に in Minna No Nihongo I was not all covered, especially on particle に . The explanation of the use of particle に, especially verb 住ん で い ます, 入り ます, 乗り ます, is very prone to errors. This is due to the verb is unfamiliar or infrequently used by respondents in the sentence. Therefore, teachers can fill insufficient explanation in the book, so that the error can be minimized. Whereas, errors/goyou occurred on particle で are more on the functions of the particle for the scope, places of activities, and abstract tools.