Abstract
The present work aims at analysing and comparing the thermal performances of active and passive aftertreatment systems. A one-dimensional transient model has been developed in order to evaluate the heat exchange between the solid and the exhaust gas and to estimate the energy effectiveness of the apparatus. Furthermore, the effect of the engine operating conditions on the performances of emission control systems has been investigated considering standard emission test cycles. The analysis has demonstrated that the active flow control presents the higher thermal inertia and it appears more suitable to maintain the converter initial temperature level for a longer time after variations in engine load. Conversely, the traditional passive flow control is preferable when rapid “cooling” or “heating” of the solid phase is requested. Moreover, the investigation has highlighted the significant influence of the cycle time and converter length on the energetic performances of the aftertreatment apparatus.
Highlights
The development and the optimisation of high efficiency aftertreatment systems are fundamental keys to meet the more and more severe regulations concerning automotive exhaust emissions [1, 2]
A host of numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out in the last few decades to improve the energetic performances of emission control systems and reduce engine tailpipe emissions [3, 4]
The analysis revealed that the reverse flow operation determines a different temperature distribution within the aftertreatment apparatus
Summary
The development and the optimisation of high efficiency aftertreatment systems are fundamental keys to meet the more and more severe regulations concerning automotive exhaust emissions [1, 2]. The low temperatures of the exhaust gas in the lean burn engine impose the addition of supplemental fuel in order to guarantee the proper thermal level for standard aftertreatment systems. High temperatures are required to initiate and sustain light-off condition for oxidation catalysts (OCs), to regenerate diesel particulate filters (DPFs), and to permit the desulfurization process for lean NOx traps (LNTs) [5, 6]. A review of the literature reveals that all the emission control systems require proper operating temperatures and an accurate flow control to guarantee reliable and efficient processes. Passive flow control represents the traditional technical solution largely adopted in automotive practice with unidirectional flow within the emission control system
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