Abstract
The inversion of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data requires the development of suitable information-exploitation techniques that are able to extract as much as possible information on the unknown targets from the available measurements. An innovative singlefrequency (SF) inversion technique based on a deterministic conjugate-gradient (CG) minimization and the iterative multi-scaling approach (IMSA) is described. It is then shown how to improve the performances of the SF-IMSA-CG method by the introduction of an external frequency hopping (FH) iterative loop. On the one hand, the proposed FH-IMSA-CG method allows to exploit the intrinsic frequency diversity of wideband GPR measurements thanks to the FH strategy. On the other hand, the IMSA approach guarantees a significant reduction of the problem unknowns, providing an increased resolution within the identified regions of interest (RoIs). A numerical comparison shows the advantages of the FH-IMSA-CG over its single-frequency version. Moreover, the benefits of integrating the IMSA within the FH are verified by directly comparing the FH-IMSA-CG with its single-resolution (BARE) version (FH-BARE-CG).
Highlights
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most widespread instrumentations for performing subsurface investigations in many fields of applications, ranging from civil engineering to archaeology [1]
This work presents an innovative imaging technique based on the integration of a deterministic conjugate-gradient (CG) method and the iterative multi-scaling approach (IMSA) that is able to retrieve buried targets by processing a single-frequency (SF) component of the GPR spectrum
The benefits of integrating the IMSA within the frequency hopping (FH) are verified by directly comparing the FH-IMSA-CG with its single-resolution (BARE) version (FH-BARE-CG)
Summary
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most widespread instrumentations for performing subsurface investigations in many fields of applications, ranging from civil engineering to archaeology [1]. The intrinsic wideband nature of GPR data enables the use of techniques that are able to process different components of the measured spectrum, allowing to exploit the frequency-diversity as an additional source of information [5] In this framework, this work presents an innovative imaging technique based on the integration of a deterministic conjugate-gradient (CG) method and the IMSA that is able to retrieve buried targets by processing a single-frequency (SF) component of the GPR spectrum. The SF-IMSA-CG method extracts a single component of the transformed GPR spectrum and recovers an estimation of the unknown contrast and total field inside Dinv in S iterative steps. This method can be summarized as follows. Where F{.} indicates a 2-D method-of-moments (MoM) forward solver
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