Abstract
Antibodies are a type of protein produced by active B cells in response to antigen stimulation. A series of monoclonal antibodies and neutralizing antibodies have been invented and put into clinical use because of their high therapeutic effect and bright developing insight. Patients with cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases can all benefit from antibody therapy. However, the targeting aspects and potential mechanisms for treating these diseases differ. In the treatment of patients with infectious diseases such as COVID-19, neutralizing antibodies have been proposed as reliable vaccines against COVID-19, which target the ACE2 protein by preventing virus entry into somatic cells. Monoclonal antibodies can target immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1 and CTLA-4), tyrosine kinase and subsequent signaling pathways (e.g., VEGF), and cytokines in cancer patients (e.g. IL-6 and IL-1β). It is debatable whether there is any connection between the use of antibodies in these diseases. It would be fantastic to discover the related points and explain the burden for the limitation of cross-use of these techniques. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the use of antibodies in the treatment of infectious disease and cancer patients. There are also discussions of their mechanisms and history. In addition, we discussed our future outlook on the use of antibodies.
Highlights
By producing immunoglobulins against foreign antigens, B cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response
Kohler and Milstein described a technology in 1975 that can continuously produce a predefined antibody with high specificity by fusing mouse myeloma with mouse spleen cells
(2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is caused by the inhalation of certain harmful particl pulmonary disease (COPD), which is caused by the inhalation of certain harmful particles and abnormal inflammatory response
Summary
By producing immunoglobulins against foreign antigens, B cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response. The C-terminus is not involved in antigen binding, the effector functions are essential [1] Antibodies perform their duty in the following ways: (1) Neutralizing the corresponding targets. Ysis [3] and mouse [4] to identify and bioinformatics validate the potential biomarker and and a mouse model [4] to identify and validate the potential biomarker apeutic point for the autoimmune disease. The actual gas exchange occurs in arteries the alveoli, are located the end of the lungs. Pneum osis, systemic lupuseffectively erythematosus (SLE), non-small cell lung cancer, and small ce antibodies can be used to treat the aforementioned diseases. Whileofthe of antibodies is still limited today, in the infectious disease and cancer thistypes section. Limited today, the convergence of the mechanisms underlying these three types of d
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