Abstract
Human capital is one of the main factors in the development of the modern economy. Its condition and trends are determined by the specific conditions in each country. The purpose of this report is to examine the extent to which the different political and socio-economic conditions in Bulgaria and Russia affect the main characteristics of human capital. The analysis of the state of human capital is presented in quantitative and qualitative aspect. Quantitative characteristics are mainly related to changes in the population, its age structure and the state of its health. The educational level of the population and the quality of the educational training are considered in a qualitative aspect. The comparative analysis shows that Bulgaria and Russia have many similarities regarding the state and development of human capital, but the differences prevail. In Bulgaria, the population, as well as labor resources, are rapidly declining, and in Russia the changes are in a positive direction. Russia still manages to maintain a good quality of education, and Bulgaria is retreating from its good positions. On this basis, it is concluded that the different political and economic conditions in the two countries form a specific profile of their human capital, but generate similar problems. This imposes the need for rapid and effective measures aimed at modernizing education and health care systems, changing the funding model and its results, as well as adapting external models and policies to national specifics and traditions.
Highlights
Человеческий капитал является одним из основных факторов развития современной экономики
The purpose of this report is to examine the extent to which the different political and socioeconomic conditions in Bulgaria and Russia affect the main characteristics of human capital
The comparative analysis shows that Bulgaria and Russia have many similarities regarding the state and development of human capital, but the differences prevail
Summary
Сравнительный анализ основных характеристик человеческого капитала в Болгарии и России. Целью данного исследования является изучение того, в какой степени различные политические и социально-экономические условия в Болгарии и России влияют на основные характеристики человеческого капитала, каковы основные проблемы его формирования и развития, и возможности их преодоления. Сравнительный анализ показывает, что у Болгарии и России много общего в состоянии и развитии человеческого капитала, но все-таки различия преобладают. Russia still manages to maintain a good quality of education, and Bulgaria is retreating from its good positions On this basis, it is concluded that the different political and economic conditions in the two countries form a specific profile of their human capital, but generate similar problems. Количественные характеристики человеческого капитала в основном связаны с изменением численности населения. Что значения изменяются, число эмигрантов после начала мирового экономического кризиса увеличивается с каждым годом – с 9.5 тыс. человек в 2011 году до более чем, 33 тыс. человек в 2018 году, т.е. почти в 3.5 раза
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