A Comparative Account on Biodiesel Production from Forest Seeds

Abstract

There are diverse types of forest seed oils which are being used by many researchers to optimize biodiesel production and evaluate their performance in diesel engines. On the basis of their studies, it was observed that the biodiesel produced from forest seeds such as Pongamia pinnata, Sterculia foetida, Simmondsia chinensis, Linum usitatissimum, Moringa oleifera, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Madhuca longifolia, Azadirachta indica, Simarouba glauca, Cannabis sativa, Camelina sativa, Terminalia belerica, Calophyllum inophyllum, Cleome viscosa, Thevetia peruviana, Aleurites moluccanus, Syzygium cumini, Hevea brasiliensis, Manilkara zapota, Guizotia abyssinica, Annona reticulate, Aegle marmelos, Citrullus colocynthis, and Pistacia khinjuk exhibits more energy consumption and incomplete fuel combustion property when it's pure or when blends of biodiesel are used in the diesel engine. The biodiesel blends (5%-20%) of forest seeds such as Jatropha curcus, Balanites aegyptiaca, Luffa cylindrica, Sapindus mukorossi, Schleichera oleosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, Ceiba pentandra, and Raphanus sativus exhibit excellent combustion, emission, and performance which is similar to that of petroleum diesel, with or without modifications in diesel engine. However, many researchers have optimized biodiesels production from other forest seeds (Terminalia catappa, Limnanthes alba, Vernicia Montana, Annona cherimola, Maclura pomifera, Euphorbia lathyris, Sapium sebiferum, Licania rigida, Blighia unijugata, Treculia Africana, Dipteryx alata, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Lepidium sativum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Xanthium sibiricum, Amygdalus pedunculata, Forsythia suspense, Reutealis trisperma, Aleurites trisperma, Silybum marianum, Crotalaria juncea, Gliricidia sepium, Pangium edule, Senna obtusifolia, Panicum virgatum, Cascabela thevetia, Annona muricata, Leucaena leucocephala, Ocimum basilicum, Cucumis melo, Salvadora persica, and Koelreuteria paniculata) which show physico-chemical parameters almost in range as per ASTM and EN standard specifications but remains to be evaluated for performance, combustion, and emission parameters in diesel engines.