Abstract
Masticatory overload on dental implants is one of the causes of marginal bone resorption. The implant–abutment connection (IAC) design plays a critical role in the quality of the stress distribution, and, over the years, different designs were proposed. This study aimed to assess the mechanical behavior of three different types of IAC using a finite element model (FEM) analysis. Three types of two-piece implants were designed: two internal conical connection designs (models A and B) and one internal flat-to-flat connection design (model C). This three-dimensional analysis evaluated the response to static forces on the three models. The strain map, stress analysis, and safety factor were assessed by means of the FEM examination. The FEM analysis indicated that forces are transmitted on the abutment and implant’s neck in model B. In models A and C, forces were distributed along the internal screw, abutment areas, and implant’s neck. The stress distribution in model B showed a more homogeneous pattern, such that the peak forces were reduced. The conical shape of the head of the internal screw in model B seems to have a keystone role in transferring the forces at the surrounding structures. Further experiments should be carried out in order to confirm the present suppositions.
Highlights
Dental implantology is a well-established treatment option in cases of missing teeth, showing good results in terms of long-term success rates [1]
The implant–abutment connection (IAC) plays a critical role in the quality of the stress distribution, and, over the years, different designs were proposed in order to control the stress distribution [6,9]
In model lowest resistance appeared at twothe points, values of strain were highest. These points were the fulcrum zone located at the coronal junction both corresponding to the connection surfaces: one located at the coronal level and one at between abutment implant, in the corresponding the direction of the driving force vector the apicalthe level
Summary
Dental implantology is a well-established treatment option in cases of missing teeth, showing good results in terms of long-term success rates [1]. Failures are still encountered in early and late time-points [2]. Several causes were addressed for implant failure and the implant biomechanical behavior is considered one of the determining factors affecting the implant longevity [3]. Masticatory overloads on an implant were pointed out as a possible cause of marginal bone resorption, due to the excessive stresses generated in the peri-implant tissue [4]. The transfer and the distribution of biomechanical loads are highly affected by the design of the constituting components and materials [5,6,7,8]. The implant–abutment connection (IAC) plays a critical role in the quality of the stress distribution, and, over the years, different designs were proposed in order to control the stress distribution [6,9]
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