A Compact, Ultra-Wideband, Transformer-Based Quadrature Signal Generation Network in 45 nm CMOS SOI for 5G Applications

Abstract

In this article, we present an ultra-wideband, fully-differential quadrature signal generation network for 5G applications. The ultra-wideband network is composed of a passive balun and cascaded transformer-based quadrature hybrid. Passive balun converts a single-ended signal to differential with minimum insertion loss, and transformer-based quadrature hybrids are cascaded to suppress I/Q imbalance over an ultra-wide bandwidth. The coupling coefficient of the transformer-based quadrature hybrid is enhanced by adopting vertically stacked multiturn transformer topology to extend operation bandwidth and reduce passive loss and chip area. A novel layout and signal routings are proposed to reduce passive loss, undesired magnetic coupling and I/Q imbalance, making meander lines for phase matching unnecessary. The proposed ultra-wideband quadrature signal generation network is designed in GlobalFoundries 45 nm CMOS SOI process with a core area of 845 μm × 495 μm. The output I/Q magnitude mismatch is less than 0.5 dB from 16 to 60 GHz, and phase mismatch is less than 2° from 16.5 to 54.7 GHz. The input return loss is lower than −10 dB from 22 to 45 GHz, and signal loss varies from 5.74 to 7.4 dB (including 1:2 power splitting and loss from passive balun). The effective image rejection ratio (IRR) is calculated based on I/Q mismatch and is higher than 40 dB from 21.5 to 53.5 GHz.