Abstract
Reconstructable dynamic simulation models of modern variable-speed wind turbines (WTs), which are integrable into any simulation software, are crucial to the scientists investigating the contribution of WTs to counteracting the current power system stability issues. The structural similarity between a doubly fed induction-generator-based (DFIG-based) WT model and a full-scale-convertor-based (FSC-based) WT model using induction generator offers the possibility of integrating them into a combined modular model with little effort and the same used parameter set. This article presents a combined root mean square (RMS) WT model, which contains a DFIG-based WT and a FSC-based WT using induction generator. The model is designed based on fundamental machine and converter equations and can be applied for classical network stability analyses. Furthermore, analogous well-performing initialization procedures for both DFIG-based and FSC-based WT models are also introduced. As an example, to demonstrate the performance of the WT model in frequency stability studies, the model is extended with a droop-based fast frequency response (FFR) controller and is implemented in a MATLAB-based RMS simulation tool. The results of the case studies confirmed a solid functionality of initialization procedures. Furthermore, they illustrate feasible and comparable general behavior of both WT models as well as their plausible responses in the event of a frequency drop in a 220 kV test system.
Highlights
wind turbines (WTs) technologies (DFIG-based, FSC-based); Reduced to the essential components and essential parameter set and easy to supplement with control features required for answering specific research questions; Exact initialization procedure occurs without transients, which makes the model well-suited for use in large-scale dynamic simulations
In order to demonstrate the contribution of the WT models to improving the frequency performance of power systems following a frequency drop, they are extended with a droop-based fast frequency response (FFR)
In order to demonstrate the contribution of the WT models to improving the frequency performance of power systems, the WT models are implemented in a MATLAB-based
Summary
The continuously increasing share of wind turbines (WTs) confronts electrical power systems with a serious challenge regarding upcoming stability issues following a perturbation (e.g., sudden changes in generation and load, islanding, and short circuits, etc.). In order to investigate the contribution of WTs to the enhancement of power system stability, appropriate dynamic simulation models of various WT configurations must be available, and they must be described in detail to be reconstructable. Simulation models shall be developed depending on stability phenomena, and the model should be valid regarding time frame of interest (i.e., short- or long-term), modeling depth (electromagnetic transient (EMT) or root mean square (RMS)) and the width of the grid area that needs to be studied. I.e., frequency, voltage and rotor angle stability, are known as large-scale stability studies and are traditionally performed using RMS simulations, which are capable of simulating much longer events and much larger grid areas compared to EMT simulations [1,2,3]
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