Abstract
A combined injectable contraceptive improves plasma redox status and does not induce vascular changes in female rats
Highlights
The development of effective contraceptive methods represented a milestone for the control of fertility and a gain for public health
Systolic blood pressure was similar in both groups at the beginning (CTL: 131.64 ± 4.7 mmHg; combined injectable contraceptive (CIC): 127.47 ± 3.57 mmHg; P>0.05) and after the 8-weeks experimental period (CTL: 123 ± 7 mmHg; CIC: 130.8 ± 5.48 mmHg; P>0.05)
The present study showed that the 8-week treatment of female rats with the CIC containing estradiol valerate (EV) plus NET-EN did not impair vascular morphofunctional parameters and did not alter blood pressure, while improved plasma redox status
Summary
The development of effective contraceptive methods represented a milestone for the control of fertility and a gain for public health. Modern methods of contraception, which include hormonal contraceptives, play a crucial role in family planning and in the improvement of reproductive health (Cahill et al 2018). Combined oral hormonal contraceptives (COCs), which contain an estrogen and a progestin, are the most commonly used hormonal contraceptives worldwide (Regidor 2019). Ethinyl estradiol (EE) is the most commonly used estrogen in COCs, while there are several available progestins derived from 17-OH-progesterone, 19-nortestosterone, or spironolactone (Fruzzetti et al 2012, Sitruk-Ware & Nath 2013). The endogenous female hormones, specially 17β-estradiol (E2), have protective effects on the cardiovascular system (Knowlton & Lee 2012, dos Santos et al 2014), COCs are associated with increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis (Farmer et al 2001, de Bastos et al 2014). EE dose plays an important role in the risk of thrombotic events, while
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