A combined experimental and numerical analysis framework for the design of aluminum windows

Abstract

Windows form an essential part of modern architecture owing to their crucial role in the energy efficiency of the building, functionality, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Despite their relevance, window designs are mainly carried out in an ad-hoc fashion. At the same time, more sophisticated approaches rely on trial-and-error experiments involving expensive custom die-casting and wind load experiments. This study proposes a robust numerical framework for economically designing new Aluminum window profiles. Specifically, we use a finite element model to determine the maximum threshold wind load and regions of failure for an Aluminum sliding window. The model is validated against experimental results. Further, a comparative study between windows made of regular 6063-Al alloy and Duranium™ (patented new aluminum alloy) is also performed to evaluate the role of material properties in the structural response of window sections. Interestingly, despite having comparable elastic modulus, we noted that the windows made of Duranium™ survive higher loads and exhibit significantly lower plasticity. Altogether, the present work demonstrates that the numerical model can accurately predict the failure patterns, loads, and deflections for the window frames and, hence, can easily be developed into an automated analysis framework for the optimal design of window frames. This could potentially improve the overall safety, comfort, energy efficiency, and sustainability of buildings at both the construction and usage stages.