Abstract
Cooperative braking with regenerative braking and mechanical braking plays an important role in electric vehicles for energy-saving control. Based on the parallel and the series cooperative braking models, a combined model with a predictive control strategy to get a better cooperative braking performance is presented. The balance problem between the maximum regenerative energy recovery efficiency and the optimum braking stability is solved through an off-line process optimization stream with the collaborative optimization algorithm (CO). To carry out the process optimization stream, the optimal Latin hypercube design (Opt LHD) is presented to discrete the continuous design space. To solve the poor real-time problem of the optimization, a high-precision predictive model based on the off-line optimization data of the combined model is built, and a predictive control strategy is proposed and verified through simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the predictive control strategy and the combined model are reasonable and effective.
Highlights
Oil crises have made energy a hot topic of discussion
The combined model is more reasonable for the cooperative braking system, which can provide a better braking stability under the condition that no additional braking torque is required for the braking system
(2) To get a tradeoff between the maximum regenerative energy recovery efficiency and the optimum braking stability, a collaborative optimization algorithm (CO) is applied for the cooperative braking system
Summary
Oil crises have made energy a hot topic of discussion. Transportation consumes a large proportion of energy, and the application of electric vehicles (EVs) has become a global strategy for saving energy and using sustainable energy [1,2,3]. The series type can simultaneously coordinate regenerative and hydraulic brakes, and give better cooperative braking performance, but the whole braking system should be redeveloped. As the parallel type doesn’t intervene in the hydraulic brakes, and the regenerative braking directly enforces the hydraulic braking, only a little development work is needed to meet the requirements, but the total braking force will possibly be greater than the total required braking force, to maintain the braking stability, the regenerative energy recovery efficiency may be greatly limited [6]. The other is the normal deceleration process, with the aim of improving the regeneration energy efficiency and the coordinated control between the motor regenerative braking and the hydraulic brakes [10]. With respect to the control strategy, differing from the tradition strategies, firstly two disciplines of the maximum regenerative energy recovery efficiency and the optimum braking stability are defined and an off-line optimization data is obtained by an off-line optimization stream. A predictive control strategy is presented to solve the poor real-time problem of optimization, and the predictive control strategy is verified in a dynamic simulation
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