Abstract
Kidney cancer ranked in the top 10 for both men and women in the estimated numbers of new cancer cases in the United States in 2018. Targeted therapies have recently been administered to patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the overall survival of patients at the terminal stage of the disease has not been as good as expected. It is therefore necessary to uncover efficient biomarkers for early diagnosis, and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC progression and metastasis. Increased evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles during tumor progression. In this study, 10 candidate lncRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic values in ccRCC were identified: IGFL2-AS1, AC023043.1, AP000439.2, AC124854.1, AL355102.4, TMEM246-AS1, AL133467.3, ZNF582-AS1, LINC01510 and PSMG3-AS1. Enrichment analysis revealed metabolic and functional pathways, which may be closely associated with kidney cancer tumorigenesis. Six representative processes were summarized, namely glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid synthesis, reductive carboxylation, nucleotide metabolism, transmembrane transport and signal transduction. In combination, the present results provided prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for ccRCC and might pave the way for targeted intervention and molecular therapies in the future.
Highlights
Each year, the number of new cancer cases and cancerrelated mortality occurring in the United States is estimated by the American Cancer Society
An increasing body of evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could preliminarily identify tumor progression and predict the outcome prior to or following treatment, which indicated that lncRNAs might be biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis, especially in Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) [16, 19, 23, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]
disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) survival analysis was performed for each selected lncRNA, to ensure that the candidate lncRNAs were closely associated with the prognosis of cancer patients
Summary
The number of new cancer cases and cancerrelated mortality occurring in the United States is estimated by the American Cancer Society. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of RCC. It is characterized by inactivating mutations in the VHL gene [2] and is associated with a high risk of metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy [3]. Despite significant advances in its diagnosis and treatment, patients with ccRCC tend to have a poorer prognosis (5-year disease specific survival rates of 50-69%) than patients with other histological subtypes of RCC [5, 6]. It is necessary to uncover efficient biomarkers for www.aging-us.com early diagnosis and clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC progression and metastasis
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