A closer look at the increase in suicide rates in South Korea from 1986–2005

Jin-Won Kwon,Heeran Chun,Sung-Il Cho

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-72

Abstract

BackgroundSuicide rates have recently been decreasing on average among OECD countries, but increasing trends have been detected in South Korea, particularly since the 1997 economic crisis. There have been no detailed analyses about the changes of the suicide rates over time periods in Korea. We examined trends in both absolute and proportional suicide rates over the time period of economic development, crisis, and recovery (1986 – 2005) as well as in birth cohorts from 1924 to 1978.MethodsWe used data on total mortality and suicide rates from 1986 to 2005 published online by the Korean National Statistical Office (NSO) and extracted data for individuals under 80 years old. The analyses of the trends for 1) the sex-age-specific total mortality rate, 2) the sex-age-specific suicide rate, and 3) the sex-age-specific proportional suicide rate in 1986–2005 were conducted. To demonstrate the birth cohort effect on the proportional suicide rate, the synthetic birth cohort from 1924 to 1978 from the successive cross-sectional data was constructed.ResultsAge standardized suicide rates in South Korea increased by 98% in men (from 15.3 to 30.3 per 100,000) and by 124% in women (from 5.8 to 13.0 per 100,000). In both genders, the proportional increase in suicide rates was more prominent among the younger group aged under 45, despite the absolute increase being attributed to the older group. There were distinct cohort effects underlying increasing suicide rates particularly among younger age groups.ConclusionIncreasing suicide rates in Korea was composed of a greater absolute increase in the older group and a greater proportional increase in the younger group.

Highlights

Suicide rates have recently been decreasing on average among OECD countries, but increasing trends have been detected in South Korea, since the 1997 economic crisis
The proportional suicide rate was expressed as the percentage of the number of suicide deaths in an age group divided by the total number of deaths from all causes in that age group
The age-standardized total mortality rate decreased by 42% in men and by 43% in women between 1986 and 2005

Summary

Introduction

Suicide rates have recently been decreasing on average among OECD countries, but increasing trends have been detected in South Korea, since the 1997 economic crisis. There have been no detailed analyses about the changes of the suicide rates over time periods in Korea. In a few countries including New Zealand and Australia, there were rising trends in young people [2,3] In such countries as Japan and Hongkong, suicide rates significantly increased with increasing age [4]. The trends vary by countries and reveal marked age and gender differences, suicide remains a growing social and public health issue in many regions worldwide, necessitating detailed analysis of its patterns of occurrence

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Discussion

Conclusion