A clinicoepidemiological study of pattern of skin disorders among diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care centre

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a most common metabolic disorder affects every organ of the body including skin causing increased morbidity and serious impact on quality of life. Aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence and pattern of cutaneous manifestations among type 1 and type 2 DM correlating it with the mean duration of diabetes. This was an observational study conducted on 200 consecutive patients with DM attending dermatology department. Apart from detailed history, thorough clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Skin biopsy were done in cases with diagnostic ambiguity. Cutaneous infections occurred in majority (70.5%). Among fungal infections (59.5%) candidiasis was the most common (28%). Pruritus and neuropathy were observed in 37% and 33% respectively and was more common in type 1 DM. Leg ulcer was observed in 8.5%. Vitiligo, oral lichen planus, granuloma annulare were seen common among type 1 DM. Psoriasis, acrochordon, acanthosis nigricans, cutaneous amyloidosis, bullous pemphigoid and diabetic bulla were common in Type 2 DM. Mucor mycosis, scleredema diabeticorum, cheiroarthropathy and perforating dermatoses were uniquely observed among prolonged uncontrolled diabetics. Candidiasis was found to be an early manifestation of diabetes. Poor glycemic control and longer duration of diabetes were associated with an increased frequency and number of skin disorders. Skin manifestations are more common among undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetics..