Abstract
A novel method was developed based on near-field coupling phase shift (NFCPS) to perform non-contact and bedside monitoring of cerebral edema in the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 17 subjects were selected to conduct real-time NFCPS monitoring of cerebral edema and divided into surgical group, conservative group and control group. The data were collected at an interval of 12 h, until the patients left the ICU for various reasons, such as being transferred to the general ward or discharged from the hospital. Continuous collection was conducted for 15 min at each time point and then the phase shift was recorded as the NFCPS value. The computed tomography (CT) images of the surgical group and the conservative group were obtained at the same time points. The surgical group had the most drastic changes ( $- 3.42\,\pm \,6.0$ degrees, at 12 h; $- 12.85\,\pm \,10.58$ degrees, at 24 h; $- 5.04\,\pm \,2.65$ degrees, at 36 h; $0.05~\pm ~5.74$ degrees, at 48 h). The overall brain conductivity may show a decreasing trend at first and then a rising trend in patients who suffer from a hemorrhagic stroke. The comparative analysis of NFCPS and CT images revealed that NFCPS can also reflect the pathophysiological changes of the brain. This research demonstrates the robust clinical feasibility of NFCPS in the non-invasive real-time monitoring of cerebral edema. In addition, the change characteristics of the overall brain conductivity in hemorrhagic stroke patients provide guidance for subsequent research.
Highlights
Cerebral edema is a secondary brain injury caused by various physical injuries and biochemical changes
In the computed tomography (CT) image at 12 h after the surgery, the bone window can be seen in the left occipital lobe part of the skull and the black area was the cavity left after hematoma clearance, which was filled with saline
The brain tissue around the bone window expanded slightly outward, and the volume increased in the cavity that was filled with normal saline and diluted blood through observing the CT image at 48 h after the surgery
Summary
Cerebral edema is a secondary brain injury caused by various physical injuries and biochemical changes. Monitoring of cerebral edema is crucially important in clinical practice. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Lin Bai. of monitoring common vital signs (heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) provide physiological data to guide and individualize therapy, but the pathophysiology of acute brain injury is complex and can involve several secondary pathological cascades. Current methods cannot directly quantify the development of cerebral edema after intracranial surgery [2], [3]. According to the Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (the American heart association/American Stroke association, AHA/ASA, 2018), at present, there is no fully reliable method to predict the process of cerebral
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