Abstract
In organizations such as independent system operators (ISOs) that have responsibility for reliable operation of the grid as well as economic operation of the electric market, it is usually necessary to generate and maintain a model of the grid for both an energy management system (EMS) and a market system. These EMS and market models may be almost identical in most regards but there will often be some areas in which differences exist, e.g., details in one model are simplified in the other or not even represented.
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