Abstract
The judicious use and rational management of biodiversity are predicated on the identification and documentation of various taxa. A field survey of botanical piscicides and their various uses was carried out in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Six states, each from a geo-political zone of Nigeria, {south-east (Imo State), south-west (Lagos State), north-west (Kaduna State), north-central (Benue State), north-east (Adamawa State) and south-south (Rivers State)} were covered. Four local governments were selected from each of the six states as sampling locations, (a total of 24 local government areas). Luffa cylindrica, Carica papaya, Nicotiana tabacum, Anacardium occidenttale, Senna occidentalis, Raphia venifera, Musa acuminata, Vernonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, and Raphia venifera were common to all the areas investigated. Luffa cylindrica was the most frequently used botanical in Rivers, Lagos and Adamawa States (27%, 28% and 24%) respectively, Carica papaya in Kaduna State (24%), and Nicotiana tabacum in Imo and Benue States (28% and 22%) respectively. The least used botanicals across the states are Musa acuminata (2%), Raphia venifera (4%), Musa acuminata (2%), Vernonia amygdalina (2%), Jatropha curcas (3%), and Raphia venifera (1%), for Rivers, Imo, Kaduna, Lagos, Benue and Adamawa States respectively. A comprehensive documentation of our biodiversity will help in rational management and exploitation.
Highlights
Plants from different families have been applied for catching fish all over the world [1]
Good number of researchers have worked on the acute and sub acute toxicity of botanical piscicides, for instance, [7] studied the haematological characteristic of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to powdered root of Derris elliptic, [1] worked on the haematology, plasma enzymes and organ indices of Clarias gariepinus after intra muscular injection with aqueous leaves extracts of lepidagathis alopecuroides. [8] examined the toxicity of methanol extract of Euphorbia lateriflora to the juvenile Clarias gariepinus. [9] studied the toxic effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Parkia biglobosa pods on Clarias gariepinus adults. [6] worked on the fish stupefying plants used by the Gond tribal of Mendha village of Central India
The study areas consists of six states, each from a geo-political zone of Nigeria {south-east (Imo State), southwest (Lagos State), north-west (Kaduna State), north-central (Benue State), north-east (Adamawa State) and south-south (Rivers State)} (Figure 1)
Summary
Plants from different families have been applied for catching fish all over the world [1]. The phytochemistry of the plant revealed it contains flavinoids, saponins tannins, glycosides and alkaloids [4]. These plants are used as fish poisons or piscicides, and used in spears and arrows for hunting and warfare as well as the traditional treatment of many diseases due to their anti-viral and anti-bacterial actions. Good number of researchers have worked on the acute and sub acute toxicity of botanical piscicides, for instance, [7] studied the haematological characteristic of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to powdered root of Derris elliptic, [1] worked on the haematology, plasma enzymes and organ indices of Clarias gariepinus after intra muscular injection with aqueous leaves extracts of lepidagathis alopecuroides.
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